Human right issues Essay

India’s earliest settlements are believed to have developed in the culture hearths of the Indus Valley around 2600 B.C.E. and in the Ganges Valley around 1500 B.C.E. These societies were mainly composed of ethnic Dravidians who had an economy based on commerce and agricultural trade. Aryan tribes are believed to have then invaded the area after they migrated into the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. It is thought that they introduced the caste system which is still common in many parts of India today. During the 4th century B.C.E, Alexander the Greatintroduced Greek practices into the region when he expanded across Central Asia. During the 3rd century B.C.E, the Mauryan Empire came into power in India and was most successful under its emperor, Ashoka. Throughout subsequent periods Arab, Turkish and Mongol peoples entered India and in 1526, a Mongol Empire was established there, which later expanded throughout most of northern India. During this time, such landmarks as the Taj Mahal were also constructed. Much of India’s history after the 1500s was then dominated by British influences. The first British colony was in 1619 with English East India Company at Surat. Shortly thereafter, permanent trading stations opened in present-day Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata. British influence then continued to expand from these initial trading stations and by the 1850s, most of India and other countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were controlled by Britain. By the late 1800s, India began working toward independence from Britain but it did not come until the 1940s however when Indian citizens began to unite and British Labor Prime Minister Clement Attlee began to push for India’s independence. On August 15, 1947, India officially became a dominion within the Commonwealth and Jawaharlal Nehru was named India’s Prime Minister. India’s first constitution was written shortly thereafter on January 26, 1950 and at that time, it officially became a member of the British Commonwealth. Since gaining its independence, India has undergone significant growth in terms of its population and economy however, there were periods of instability in the country and much of its population today lives extreme poverty. Government of India Today India’s government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. The legislative bodies consist of the Council of States, also called Rajya Sabha, and the People’s Assembly, which is called the Lok Sabha. India’s executive branch has a chief of state and a head of government. There are also 28 states and seven union territories in India. Economics Land Use in India India’s economy today is a varied mix of small village farming, modern large scale agriculture as well as modern industries. The service sector is also an incredibly large part of India’s economy as many foreign companies such places as call centers located in the country. In addition to the service sector, India’s largest industries are textiles, food processing, steel, cement, mining equipment, petroleum, chemicals and computer software. India’s agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, dairy products and livestock. Geography and Climate of India The geography of India is diverse and can be divided into three main regions. The first is the rugged, mountainous Himalayan region in the northern part of the country, while the second is called the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is in this region that most of India’s large-scale agriculture takes place. The third geographic region in India is the plateau region in the southern and  central portions of the country. India also has three major river systems which have large deltas that take over a large portion of the land. These are the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. India’s climate is also varied but is tropical in the south and mainly temperate in the north. The country also has a pronounced monsoon season from June to September in it southern portion. More Facts about India †¢ India’s people are 80% Hindu, 13% Muslim and 2% Christian. These divisions have historically caused tensions between different religious groups. †¢ Hindi and English are India’s official languages, but there are also 17 regional languages that are considered official. †¢ India has several cities that have undergone place name changes such as Bombay being renamed Mumbai. These changes were mainly done in an effort to return the city names to local dialects, as opposed to British translations.

Are there advantages to treating a patient with a subarachnoid Essay

Are there advantages to treating a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage with endovascular coiling rather than neurosurgical clipping - Essay Example er to place an inert metal clip at the base of an aneurysm, removing this aneurysm from blood circulation and retaining the healthy part of an artery to supply blood to the brain. This procedure has been partially replaced in recent years by a relatively new procedure, endovascular coiling, which involves inserting a catheter through the femoral artery of a patient into the brain and using this catheter to fill the aneurysm with fine coils made up of the inert metal platinum, or other suitable material in order to strengthen and remove the affected part of the artery from blood circulation. Endovascular coiling has now becoming widely accepted because it is cheaper, less stressful for a patient and requires a shorter stay in a hospital, with generally lower absolute risks as compared to neurosurgical clipping. However, it is not possible to approach every aneurysm by endovascular coiling and depending on the location of the aneurysm neurosurgical clipping may still be required to be used. This dissertation presents a discussion about the relative advantage of using endovascular coiling as opposed to neurosurgical clipping as a treatment for SAH related aneurysms. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, or SAH, is a stroke subtype which occurs as a result of the rupture of either an intracranial aneurysm or an aneurysm in the basal cerebral artery which supplies blood to the human brain (Fassbender, 2001, Pp. 534) and (Kissela, 2002, Pp. 1321 – 1325). The classical presentation of SAH is a sudden and severe headache which is accompanied by vomiting, photophobia and neck stiffness (Whitfield, 2004, Pp. 14 – 16). However, it has been estimated that only one in four patients who suffer from such sever headache have had a SAH occurrence and that such headaches can also be the result of vascular—intracranial venous thrombosis, infections including meningitis, encephalitis etc, intracranial tumours, acute hydrocephalus or migraine etc to name a few other causes (Al – Shahi,

How Errors in Care Affect Healthcare Organizations Research Paper

How Errors in Care Affect Healthcare Organizations - Research Paper Example Healthcare organizations spend much money in defending themselves against the accusation placed on them by clients. It has a profound effect on the quality of care given to patients since they have to concentrate on the cases and to defend themselves from the accusations. Hence, it lowers the productivity of healthcare organizations. Errors may lead to the introduction of draconian laws that affect the provision of healthcare services to the public. For instance, the case of Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital led to the abolition of charitable immunity for hospitals in Illinois (Wiet, 2005). It also resulted in the elimination of "Hotel Defense" for hospitals to imply that hospitals treated patients, and they take liability for their medical staffs and nurses (Wiet, 2005). Moreover, the case created a personal liability exposure by defining the duties of directors, managers, and medical personnel (Wiet, 2005). Through this, the healthcare organizations may be afraid to conduct some treatments due to liability. This has adverse impacts on the provision of healthcare since the number of providers will reduce because of fear. Many studies conducted estimate that medical errors cost health care providers as well as nations with large sums amounting to over $ trillion (Andel, Davidow, Hollander & Moreno, 2012). Similarly, some of the preventable errors have an enormous impact and amount to over $ 17 billion yearly (Andel, Davidow, Hollander & Moreno, 2012). High economic losses are because of the errors that physicians make, and some of them are preventable. Because of all these, it is hard for healthcare organizations to progress since some of the cases taken to court prolong leading to loss of labor hours. In conclusion, the errors committed by health agencies have affected the institutions primarily. The case of Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital has transformed health institutions in terms of liability jurisprudence, and the trend will continue. Besides the adverse impacts associated with these cases, they also offer improvement in the delivery of healthcare services in the Republic, hence helping healthcare consumers. Â   Â   Â  

Training Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training Budget - Essay Example The training will start by various preparations so that everything to be in order and will involve both the junior and senior employees in an attempt to nature the young lads towards the management positions and is destined to last for a period of three to four weeks with a view of extension in case the achievement will not have been met. The training will be conducted in venues where the company will deem fit and which is convenient for all staffs. The company will be liable for the transportation costs as from the work station to the training venue where any other travel expense the member pays for her/himself. Participants are estimated to be in the region of 100 members where each person is expected to be provided with an allowance per day so as to motivate the staffs. The company’s cost is also expected to increase as the members will have to be provided with breakfast and lunch. Training will be undertaken by hiring qualified personnel in the management sector in the presence of few feds agents and they will be compensated after the end of the training. The training will be conducted by use of various stationaries. The organization have to purchase for each staff the necessary materials to help them take the analysis in a better way. There would be also hiring of an extra person or acquiring a translator in cases of language barrier to ease communications (Valenti, 2003). Presentation by the trainer is to be done with PowerPoint to make it more clear and employing sound audio systems so that the training can be done in a more effective way. There will be a post-training costs and for the successful implementation of the gains derived from the training facility as without doing so, the training would be useless. Hence a special team will be constituted to oversee the entire process hence making the organizations to incur extra costs (Valenti, 2003). Preparation costs are very useful as it provides

Poverty and students achievement Research Proposal

Poverty and students achievement - Research Proposal Example Problem to be investigated A. Purpose of the study (including assumptions) The purpose for this study is to study the poverty achievement gap, which affects children from poor backgrounds. Through a variety of researches that have been conducted in this area, it has been established that children who are brought up in poverty are likely to perform poorer in their academic work than their peers from privileged households. Besides, this study will investigate different strategies and policies that can be implemented to alleviate this problem. B. Justification of the study The educational achievement by students is highly dependent on the state’s and districts’ educational policies as well as the available resources, which facilitate classroom instructions, among many other tasks (Shields, 1991). The educational stakeholders should support the efforts for offering essential facilities and assistance in order to ensure that all students, including those from poor family bac kgrounds, achieve their educational goals. Allington (1991) maintains that federal, state, and district policies ought to be cautiously premeditated with the purpose of outlining the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of a variety of policies in finishing the poverty achievement gap. C. Research question, hypotheses, and propositions Research questions 1. ... 2. If proper mechanisms are put up and all the education stakeholders come on board, the impact of poverty on education can be addressed, to a great extent. 3. There are exists alternative strategies and opportunities for alleviating the damaging impacts of poverty on education. D. Definition of terms Poverty – this is the lack of adequate financial resources to cater for basic needs and services such as education, food, water, shelter, and lighting among other amenities. Education – this is numeracy, literacy, and basic understanding of science and an individual’s environment as attained in pre primary, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of learning. Impacts – this is the consequences of a particular state of affairs and in this case poverty. E. Brief overview of study Poverty has varying impacts on various sectors of development, one such sector is the educating sector. Relative or absolute poverty leads to low enrollment, low retention, high dropout and illiteracy rates since the poor cannot afford the high costs associated with education. Stakeholders in this sector are partly to blame because of inaccessibility, poor quality and high costs associated with education at all levels. A successful education program must be accessible, affordable and of standard quality to all citizens especially the poor. This study will investigate the manner in which this societal problem can be resolved. II. Background and review of related literature A: Theoretical framework The link between poverty and education can be explained through Developmental Systems Theories (DST) (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). These theories are associated with ecological theory and expounds on the linkages between different levels ranging from

Economic read an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic read an article - Essay Example In as much as many governments are institutions set on social contracts, there is a serious failure in the effectiveness to deliver according to set standards granted by the provisions of the social contracts. According to Leeson, a legitimate social contract should attest to three chief concerns. First, the contact must serve the purpose of granting political power. I should be in accordance with the joint consent of all subjects or stakeholders whose interest are represented in the contract. The main intent of the contract should be to facilitate social collaboration. The key consideration in the formation of a social contract is its aim of creating a government (Leeson 444). Leeson identifies the second most important feature of a social contract while referring to the original state before the formulation of the social contract. A social contract should serve the purpose of bringing the various stakeholders in the contract from a situation of no prior contract. The people whose i nterests are expressed in the contract should be in need a forum that can attend to their claims including their appeals. This, according to Leeson, is fundamental since it eliminates the possibility of conflicts and enhances sovereignty. If there is an existing sovereign body and an agreement is drafted which is legitimate, it does not qualify as a social contract. Instead, it is a contract. It does not replace the social contract that existed prior to its formation and, therefore, only remains as a contract. The third characteristic of social contracts identified by Leeson is the recognition that the agreement resulted from voluntary acceptance and approval by all parties subject to its provisions. Should any member of the society expresses disapproval of the social contract, then it no longer becomes a social contract. Every member whose welfare and other aspects of life are subject to the provisions of the social contacts should consent to it (Leeson 445). Disapproval by even on e member of the society renders it unbinding to the entire population affected by it. Should there be part of the population that is in disagreement, at the time of signing, then it should constitute part of the population not bound by the provisions of the contract. Following the absence of the three prerequisites that make up a social contract in most governments, Leeson argues that not all social contracts are genuine. In Leeson’s account, early social contracts that formulated most present day governments did not meet the three requirements that should be the threshold of a legitimate social contract. Following the argument that social contracts should bear the main objectives of forming a government, Leeson renders these early contracts as out of the desired intention. Their formation was legitimately promoted by the desire to gain political rule over the people. Further concerns emanate from the approval of conceptual unanimity that never follows its provisions, as well . The emergence of pirate societies, as outlined by Leeson, did restore the legitimacy of the social contract concept. This was a possibility given the fulfillment of actual unanimity that is vital in meeting the threshold of a social contract based on the three pillars of its formation. As Leeson states, the system of constitutional democracy embraced among the

Stats Report Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stats Report - Statistics Project Example Bar and line trend graphs were drawn to show the temperature relationships between the two stations. From the results, it was concluded that the mean maximum temperature showed a falling trend for the two stations. Similarly, the average minimum temperature for the months under investigation equally showed a declining trend. In conclusion, therefore, Gold Coast station is warmer relative to Toowoomba Airport based on both the maximum and minimum average temperatures measured. Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with collecting, analyzing, summarizing, interpreting and making inferences give meaningful information about a population or a sample. Statistical methods not only summarize past data through such indicators as the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion, but they can also predict future events using frequency distribution functions. Statistics provides ways to design efficient and convenient experiments that eliminate time-consuming trial and error. For example, among the various applications of statistics include Double-blind tests for opinion polls, aptitude and intelligence tests, medical, biological, and industrial experiments which apply statistical methods and theories to reach useful inferences. Statistics has a wide application in our daily lives. To illustrate how statistics can be a powerful tool Lorentzen analyzed sea temperature data sampled at Station-M in the Norwegian Sea (Lorentzen, 2014). In this study, the data covered the period between 1948–2010. In this research, descriptive statistics showed that the temperature level had been on a positive trend since the beginning of the 1980s that was also measured in most of the oceans in the North Atlantic. Furthermore, the study showed that the temperature series are co-integrated which meant they shared the same long-term stochastic trend, and they did not diverge too far from each other. The calculated long-term temperature increase is one of the factors