The Clifford And James Philosophies On Beliefs

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Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management - Assignment Example We have to sufficiently agile to adapt as the road winds and be foresightful about what might be ahead.† (Gratton, 1998 14). Therefore the role of HR functions in today’s organizations can not be limited to a few traditional aspects of management of people. The overall role of HR functions with respect to managing people is to ensure that the organization achieves all its short term and long term objectives. In order to do so the HR functions must take steps, guide and support the organization on all matters related to the workforce of the organization. One of the primary roles of HR functions is to act as a change agent. HR function is vital in delivering cultural change and organizational transformation. Therefore the role of HR in facilitating and managing change with respect to employees is crucial for an organization. The various other aspects of managing people that HR function will play a role is in training and development, performance evaluation and appraisals, developing healthy relation among the employees and, between the employees and management, designing and development of HR strategies, policies and practices (Armstrong, 2006). First line supervisors or managers play an important role in managing people with an organization. First line managers and supervisors are the gateway of communication between the management and the employees at the grass root level. It is the first line managers who have first hand experience of the day to conditions at the work place. There are in the best position to sense and discover changes or routines in the employee attitude. Also it is the first line managers with whom the employees communicate about any issues at the workplace (Tyson & York, 2000). The employees relate to the first line managers and their experiences with the first line manager primarily formulate their experience with the organization. Therefore, the cooperation and involvement of first line mangers in the designing HRM strategies, policies and practices is important. Also they are vital for the implementation of the HRM strategies and policies. The management of the employees on a day to day basis is carried out by the first line mangers and not the HR executives. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the first line mangers to ensure the effective implementation of the various HR strategies and polices (Gratton, 1999). The HR Director and the executives of the HR team are responsible for insuring that all the HR policies and practices are implemented within the organization. It is their responsibility to design the HR policies and practices as well as ensure that it is implemented. But it is not possible to implement these policies and practices themselves. They need to take the assistance of various managers and supervisors down the line to ensure that these policies and practices are understood by everyone in the organization and at the same time implemented effectively to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. The immediate responsibility of the performance of employees will be that of the line managers and supervisors. But the responsibility of the overall performance of the employees of an organization is that of the HR teams. One of the main purposes of HR teams is to ensure the full potential of the employees is extracted. It is the responsib

Political ideas, under international relations Coursework

Political ideas, under international relations - Coursework Example It is perhaps better conceived as two aspects of the same thing that can not be separated with clear lines. First, it is a practice or method of government, a set of forms and procedures. Second, it relates to ends rather than means, to an ideal or set of ideals. A direct democracy is a political system in which all citizens are allowed to influence policy by means of a direct vote on any particular issue. However it is impracticable except in a very small polity. Even though it was practiced in Athens, it didn't involve all the people, only adult male citizens. Representative democracy can simply be defined as an indirect democracy in which the people do not themselves govern but elect representatives who govern them. As for the relation between electoral and representative democracy, it will suffice to note that the former is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition of the latter. This is also to say that the concept of representative democracy comprehends electoral democracy; but the reverse is not true. While modern democracies are jointly electoral and representative, an electoral democracy that does not elect representatives is a distinct possibility. The other two notions--direct democracy and referendum democracy--require a somewhat more detailed explication. Although a direct democracy can be simply defined a contrario, that is, as a democracy without representatives and without representational transmission belts, yet this specimen displays subspecies that command separate recognition. Any direct democracy is, in some sense, a self-governing democracy. But we know that the meaning of self-government crucially hinges on the size factor; (Banducci, 1998, 116) so does the meaning and reality of direct democracy. A literal, authentically self-governing direct democracy can be said to exist only with reference to relatively small groups--say, up to assembly-size groups. Beyond the assembly size, the most meaningful distinction is between observable di rect democracy, and a direct democracy whose size escapes direct observability, that is, a greater than observable one. The democracy of the ancients qualifies as observable, for it resolved itself not only in the gathering of the citizens in a single place but in an observable behaviour of the participants. But the magnitude that allows for such observability is in the order of a few thousands. And that order of magnitude already brings about a great deal of indirectness in a direct democracy. Only in part was Greek democracy truly and authentically "direct." And when we come to a greater-than-observable direct democracy, what makes it direct is only, or basically, the inference that it is not a representative kind of democracy. The notion of referendum democracy will help to qualify this last assertion. The original idea of a representative was of a person elected to express or reflect the views of his constituents. (Raphael, 1990, 91) However, this does not seem possible, the rep resentative needs to gather his constituents and get the view of them on every issue. Therefore the representative chosen is not obliged to mirror the ideas of his constituents rather he is elected as a man of good judgement. This is a doctrine often known as Edmund Burke's Principle, which states that representatives should act upon their own conscience in the affairs of a representative democracy. Nevertheless in practice, the inevitable rise of the well disciplined party system has caused representatives to decide under the

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the Essay

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the United States - Essay Example nless the lessee has selected that person and directed the lessor to acquire the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods from that person, (b) that the lessee is entitled under this Article to the promises and warranties, including those of any third party, provided to the lessor by the person supplying the goods in connection with or as part of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods, and (c) that the lessee may communicate with the person supplying the goods to the lessor and receive an accurate and complete statement of those promises and warranties, including any disclaimers and limitations of them or of remedies.2 For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not ha ve possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a  security interest if the consideration that the... For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not have possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest if the consideration that the lessee is to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is an obligation for the term of the lease and is not subject to termination by the lessee, and: the original term of the lease is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods; the lessee is bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or is bound to become the owner of the goods;

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay In The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude, George Dickie argues that the notion of the aesthetic attitude is a myth and attempts to argue against all forms of the idea. Whilst there are other compelling theories concerning the existence of the aesthetic attitude, he presents a strong case against it, arguing that all attempts to precisely describe such an attitude fail. His argument focuses on the notions of the aesthetic attitude proposed by Bullough and Stolnitz, which I will outline in this essay. Initially, Dickie considers Edward Bulloughs theory of psychical distance. Bullough suggests that in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude and judge an object aesthetically, the subject must distance themselves from that object and separate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the object and its appeal from ones own self, by putting it out of gear with practical needs and ends.  [1]  In doing so, Bullough says that contemplation of the object becomes alone possible  [2]  and you are no longer directly involved with the object. Bullough illustrates his idea using his fog at sea example, where he describes how unpleasant and dangerous the fog might seem to a person, but also how beautiful the fog is. Bullough thinks that it is the aesthetic attitude which enables ones view of the fog to change through a transformation by distance  [3]  as the fog is allowed to stand outside the context of our personal needs and ends and one can look at it objectively. For Bullough, only the right amount of distance enables the aesthetic attitude to be employed and he discusses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cases in which people are unable to bring off an act of distancing or are incapable of being induced into a state of being distanced.  [4]  Bulloughs example of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the jealous husband at a performance of Othello  [5]  unable to concentrate as he is thinking of his own wifes suspicious behaviour demonstrates being under-distanced as the subject is too emotionally involved with the play. Similarly, a light technician working on the play might be over-distanced as he is preoccupied with the lights and missing any emotional involvement with the play itself. Dickie may undermine Bulloughs concept of distance here as he questions whether one can deliberately distance oneself or whether one can be induced into a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦consciousness denoted by being distanced.  [6]  Dickie undermines the concept of distance here suggesting that there is no such experience as being distanced and so undermines Bulloughs theory. Furthermore, Dickie criticises Bulloughs use of new terms referring to distance, as he thinks to introduce these terms does nothing but send us chasing after phantom acts and states of consciousness.  [7]  Dickie infers that there is no identifiable psychological experience of being distanced  [8]  and so no value in Bulloughs idea of distance. Furthermore he suggests that being under or over-distanced is simply being more or less focused on something and just two different cases of inattention.  [9]  Therefore, being distanced means just focusing ones attention on something and is not a new kind of act  [10]  or special state of consciousness  [11]  . Whilst Dickie puts forward a fairly persuasive argument against psychical distance, his description of aesthetic experiences as simple cases of attention or inattention may not be adequate in explaining what it truly is to have an aesthetic experience. If, as Dickie suggests, we reject the aesthetic attitude, one might argue that we would be unable to answer some important questions about aesthetic experience. Specifically, one might argue that the aesthetic attitude is required in order to pinpoint what exactly the judgment of taste is and what prompts us to recognise objects as aesthetic objects. Therefore, Dickies argument may be less effective in refuting the aesthetic attitude, as Bulloughs theory of distance may be closer to providing answers to such questions. Importantly, Dickie continues his argument by criticising another way of conceiving the aesthetic attitude when he discusses Jerome Stolnitzs theory which suggests that the aesthetic attitude is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦marked out by its disinterestednessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [12]  and its detachment from practical purposes. Stolnitzs definition is that it is the disinterested and sympathetic attention to and contemplation of any object of awareness whatever, for its own sake alone.  [13]  Stolnitz elaborates on this idea explaining that disinterested attention means looking at the object with no concern for any ulterior purpose.  [14]  Similarly he says that sympathetic attention means that the subject can experience the objects individual qualities with no prejudice. For Stolnitz, such an aesthetic perception involves the subjects active attention being directed at the object alone, without thinking or asking questions and being emotionally open and able to respond to it. This result s in an enhanced experience of the object which enables us to focus on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the look of the rocks, the sound of the ocean, the colours in the painting,  [15]  whilst contemplating an object with a practical perception prevents us from truly appreciating it and limits our experience of the object. Dickies criticism of Stolnitzs aesthetic attitude only really focuses on this notion of disinterested attention. Stolnitz distinguishes between disinterested attention and interested attention which he says differ according to the purpose of the attention. For example when looking at Warhols Campbell Soup Cans, if I admire it as a beautiful piece of art then I experience it with disinterested attention. On the other hand, if I look at it and think about how hungry I am and how I would like to eat the soup, I experience it with an interested attention. However, Dickie objects to Stolnitzs idea that such a difference in purpose results in a difference in attention. Dickie proposes that the concept of disinterest does nothing to explain what it means to attend to  [16]  an object. To reinforce his point, Dickie uses an example of two people listening to music with different purposes Jones with the purpose of analysing the music for an exam and Smith with no such purpose other than simply listening to it. Dickie suggests that Jones has an ulterior purpose and Smith does not, but this does not mean Joness listening differs from Smiths.  [17]  Dickie demonstrates that the only difference between the listening of Jones and Smith is their purpose and suggests that in reality there is nothing different about their attention at all. Therefore, Dickie argues that the notion of disinterestedness cannot be used to refer to a type of attention, as attention has no special attribute such as disinterest. Instead, Dickie thinks that it ca n only refer to whether attention is motivated by a purpose or not. Hence, Dickie may challenge Stolnitzs theory as he questions the validity of the concepts of interested and disinterested attention which is key to Stolnitzs whole theory of the aesthetic attitude. In addition, Dickie reinforces his argument using the example of the art critic attending a piece of art. Dickie points out that according to Stolnitzs theory, the art critic could not critique the art as well as appreciate it, as the critic has an ulterior purpose to analyse and evaluate the object he perceives.  [18]  Dickie claims that Stolnitz confuses a perceptual distinction with a motivational one  [19]  as the critic only differs from other subjects attending the art in his motives and purpose. For Dickie, this example only further highlights that it is not possible to attend to art interestedly nor disinterestedly only with or without a motive or purpose. Whilst Dickie develops a convincing argument against Stolnitzs theory of the aesthetic attitude, he does only really focus on one aspect of it disinterestedness and doesnt effectively address the idea of sympathetic attention, for example. In his argument, Stolnitz stresses the importance of considering all the aspects of his definition of the aesthetic attitude, so for this reason, Dickies attempt at challenging Stolnitzs theory may not be as successful. Furthermore, Stolnitz himself argues in response to Dickies criticism that, Leading aestheticians continue to take disinterestedness to be foundational in their thinking.  [20]  Stolnitz suggests that the incomparable longevity of the concept demonstrates its validity, as it continues to engage thought.  [21]  As engaging as the concept may be, however, this point might not succeed as an effective counter-argument to Dickie. Dickies argument convincingly refutes Bulloughs and Stolnitzs theories of the aesthetic attitude, but it may not follow that rejecting the ideas of distance and disinterestedness means that no special aesthetic attitude exists. One might argue that from the vantage point  [22]  of the subject there are a set of features that identify aesthetic experience  [23]  which, whilst difficult to describe accurately, constitute the aesthetic attitude. Furthermore, it might be argued that Dickie is more concerned with the aesthetic object than the aesthetic experience, as his own alternative for the aesthetic attitude the institutional theory of art focuses on the nature of art and how an object can become art, rather than on aesthetic experience and our response to an object. Ultimately, however, whilst there are several compelling counter-arguments in favour of the aesthetic attitude, I think that Dickies argument that it is a myth is convincing and effectively undermines both Bull oughs and Stolnitzs notions of the aesthetic attitude.

Terrorism and Culture of the Middle East Essay -- Muslim Cultural Reli

Terrorism and Culture of the Middle East Introduction In 1993, a Harvard political scientist named Samuel P. Huntington wrote a controversial article entitled â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† in Foreign Affairs. At this point the Gulf War was still fresh in the minds of most Americans. The most poignant issues at the time were the threat of Suddam Hussein, nuclear weapons, and the establishment of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. Also months later, the World Trade Center was bombed, which left six people dead and many more injured. These events were perhaps the beginning of Huntington’s hypothesis: â€Å"the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and different groups of civilizations.† Eleven years later, recent events have lead many to believe that Huntington’s prediction was correct. In a world where many global issues stem from opposing nations and/or cultures, Huntington’s hypothesis proves to be relevant. Based on the increased and more severe activity taken by non-western civilizations to preserve religion and customs in a world that is increasingly influenced by Western philosophy, cultural differences among civilizations has presented itself at the forefront of international relations today. Faith and religion go hand in hand, especially when you begin to examine the teaching of multiple groups. Although these two words have different meanings, they are often mixed up, merge and appear to have one meaning. Faith is defined as a belief in, devotion to, or trust, in someone or something without having proof. Religion on the other hand is taking these beliefs and turning them into attitudes that you live and govern your life by. As you see with the religions of the world today, ... ... http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/mepp/index.htm http://www.state.gov/ Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations.† Foreign Affairs. (Summer 1993): 1-22. â€Å"Iraq and Straw; Israel and Road Map.† Israel National News. 23 Mar 2003. < http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=41128> Jenkens, Brian Michael. â€Å" The future Course of International Terrorism.† World Future Society. 2001. < http://www.wfs.org/jenkins.htm> Shibley, Telhami. â€Å"American Foreign Policy Toward the Muslim World.† Summer-Fall 2001. SAIS Review. Terrorism: Questions and Actions. May 2003. Remnick, David. â€Å"After Madrid.† The New Yorker. 29 March 2004. United Nations Home Page. 2000-2004. < http://www.un.org/english/>

B2C site compared to B2Bsite

Companies and individual entrepreneurs involved in e-commerce are operating in three-dimensional environment comprised with ethical, legal and regulatory norms and policies. Failure to comply with these norms may trigger various consequences for business or individual – from forfeiture of merchant account issued by banking institution to lack of customers aware of company’s incompliance or unethical conduct.From the critical perspective, due to the fact that Internet and e-commerce tools enable merchants and companies to adjust online environment on their sites, online companies can utilize this ability to manage ethical, legal and regulatory procedures concerning both customers and businesses (Schneider, 2004). Ethical conduct and procedures are especially important in the B2B framework because businesses selling to other businesses treat their customers more as partners and rely on reciprocal information sharing for developing mutually beneficial partnerships.Because the relationship is more extensive, every time there is an exchange of information or data, it must be meticulously tracked and labeled as general business or confidential as appropriate. B2B businesses must prevent unauthorized access to customer information on their Web sites, and protect the privacy of their customers / partners both technically and legally. Businesses such as Adobe software, many of whose customers are other businesses, accomplish this by having customized pages for each partner which are accessible only through login/password combinations issued by Adobe.In the B2C framework, ethics are important in that they establish and promote the credibility of the business to its online customers. B2C merchants, therefore, also must safeguard their customers’ information, but without the level of customization offered by B2B businesses (Schneider, 2004). For instance, Amazon. com requires a username and password each time a site visitor asks for any type of custome r account information, but they do not offer customized pricing for each customer as a B2B site would.Legal norms and compliance procedures such as liability, contract validity and jurisdiction are equally important in both B2B and B2C frameworks, but they are slightly different because of the varying needs of B2B versus B2C customers. For instance, in the B2B framework the use of multiple networks and trading partners as well as various contacts within trading partner organizations make the documentation of responsibility challenging.Here the use of online enterprise software that tracks activity by individual user through the issuance of multiple usernames and passwords both among different partners and within a partner organization can alleviate this difficulty. Large printers such as Fry Communications, for instance, which print for several different publishers, solve this problem through issuing multiple usernames and passwords under each different publisher’s online acc ount.This allows multiple editors, production mangers and artists to submit work and check the progress of their particular publication at Fry’s various facilities simply by logging in under their companies’ accounts using their individual usernames and passwords. In B2C business relationships, international laws often come into play because of the wide reach that the internet creates. The Internet has few regulations, and its operation is largely left to the free will of the market.It is, therefore, incumbent upon businesses to self regulate their behavior on the internet. One of the better known Internet regulations is the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 which sets up requirements for businesses that send commercial email, lays out penalties for spammers and companies whose products are advertised in spam, and grants consumers the right to demand that businesses stop spamming them (FTC. gov, 2005).Commercial emails are generally the domain of B2C businesses which usually comply with the terms of the law through posting a compliance statement on their commercial emails and websites, as well making it easy for consumers to remove themselves from the companies’ email databases. There are also gambling laws and laws like the Federal Telecommunications Act and the Computer Decency Act and other laws on child pornography, all of which concern B2C businesses. Similar to ethics, the appropriate behaviors for participants are typically laid out in regulations developed by trade associations, commercial standard groups and the professions.On B2B sites ethics are regulated by mutual formal agreements signed by all partners, while on B2C sites these ethics are governed by user agreements and privacy policies which users must agree to comply with as a condition for using the merchant’s Web site. References Schneider, G. , (2004). Electronic commerce: The second wave (5th ed. ). Boston, MA: Thomson Learning FTC. gov, (2006). Facts for Business. Available at Retrieved Feb 4, 2006

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries It may not come as a huge surprise that the book thats most stolen from public libraries is The Guinness Book of World Records. The books popularity is irrefutable. It serves as a form of trivia, entertainment and to settle arguments over any kind of fact, whether its whos the fastest runner, which is the biggest city or the most populous country. Whatever you can imagine, the Guinness Book has it all. The Idea Is Born The concept of creating such a book took place 60 years ago when Englishman Sir Hugh Beaver, Director of the Guinness Brewery that brews the famous Guinness Beer, attended a shooting party. An argument occurred over which European game bird was the fastest. There was no record or reference book that could settle the argument. The First Edition Sir Hugh, with the assistance of twins Norris and Ross McWhirter who ran a fact-finding industry in London, founded the company Guinness Superlatives. The twins research formed the first Guinness Book of Records which was released in the UK in 1955 and became a bestseller in its first edition. The following year, it was released in the United States and also became an immediate bestseller. International Acknowledgment Since its first publishing, the book has gone on to worldwide success. Today, its published in 31 languages including Mandarin, Icelandic and Arabic. Its also expanded into the entertainment industry, with several television programs in different countries including the United States, Portugal, China, Turkey, Italy and Germany, among others. The shows have all been highly successful and often feature live performances by record holders. The first Guinness Book of Records show was launched in the UK where the books original researchers Norris and Ross McWhirter answered questions posed by children in the audience. The twins were known to have encyclopedic memories and were able to recall even the most obscure facts on the spot. Today, there are several Guinness World Records museums in cities like Hollywood, Tokyo, Copenhagen and San Antonio. The franchise sells interactive DVDs and a video game for Nintendo Wii. There is even a Guinness World Records Day founded in 2005. The book itself has been cited as holding world records. In 1999, it set the record of being the largest single print run of a case-bound book in color with 2,402,000 copies printed. In 1995, the company earned a visit to the London office by Queen Elizabeth II on its 50th anniversary. In 2006, Michael Jackson visited the New York Office where he received a special award for his record breaking album Thriller. Types of Records The type of records in the book can be as varied as you can imagine. The man holding the record for most tattooed human is Lucky Diamond Rich, who set the record in 2006 with 100% of his body covered in tattoos including his tongue, the rims of his eyes, inside of his ears and his â€Å"delicate† areas. In 2009, Ashrita Furman of Queens, New York, won the record for being the â€Å"Person with the most records† with 100 confirmed records. Over the years, some decisions were made to eliminate certain records from the book in order to promote public safety. Eating and drinking records, as well as sword-swallowing records were taken out in order to avoid potential legal suits for publishing facts that promote hazardous behavior. Proving a record is no easy feat and Guinness teams are responsible for analyzing claims in order to ensure their veracity. Claims are made through written applications that take 4-6 weeks to process. A quicker response can be gained by paying a fee of $450. With such a rich and entertaining history, its no wonder that the book also holds the record for being the most stolen book from public libraries.

Walt Disney Company Case study

Walt Disney Company Case study Disney’s has different characters that have proven successful in different market segments and as such, cross-platform franchising has enabled the company to create a sustainable competitive advantage (Russell 2012). For example, the company targets children and young teens with its princess and Cars franchises.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Walt Disney Company Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Disney’s uses music labels such as Hanna Montana or Jonas Brothers to reach out to a diversified consumer group. On the other hand, the Pirates of Caribbean targets the adults and older teens’ markets. Through product differentiation, Disney has managed to reach out to multiple markets, and this has helped to promote the Disney brand as a whole (Russell 2012). Disney has also adopted product differentiation through its Pirates franchise. This is aimed at gaining sustainable co mpetitive advantage. The Pirates franchise comprises of a series of products such as DVDS, movies, figurines/ships and toys, customers, and Disney world ride. All these products have been integrated into a single franchise that targets different consumer markets. The movie Car is among the major brands that has created a competitive advantage for the company. After the hit movie Cars, Disney went ahead to produce a series under the brand name Cars. To reach out to customers, Disney used DVDs in addition to launching the Disney TV channel. As a result, the company has managed to reach out to different consumers of different age groups and locations. The Cars brand is also available through an online virtual gaming world which targets teens and children. All these practices are part of the company’s product differentiation strategies which the company has adopted in an attempt at reaching out to different customers, thereby creating a competitive advantage. Disney has developed a strong brand which differentiates the company from other competitors in the industry. For example, the brand name, â€Å"Pirates† is used on Disney’s products to appeal to target customers from different segments of the market. Product appeal results in consumer loyalty among the targeted consumer markets thus giving the company an upper hand over its competitors. As noted by Bob Iger, the company has manaed to create multiple experiences through product appeal thus generating consumer enthusiasm (Disney Institute 2012). This has enabled Disney to give its consumers a reason to come back and share the same experience.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The application of market diversification has also given Disney competitive advantage in the market. For example, Disney has been moving its franchises with the objective of capturing the growing t eens’ market. In addition, the company has broadened its viewership on its Disney Channel franchise in a bid to capture new markets. Under the leadership of Bob Iger, the company has moved Disney Channel from premium channels to basic channels. In addition, it has also focused on launching local versions its major key markets around the globe. All these activities have led to a sustainable market share of the company. Marketing mix entails the 4ps that is, product, price, place/distribution, and promotion. Disney’s Cars franchise is one of the company’s leading franchises. According to Disney (2012), the Car franchise has helped the company to achieve huge success in the film industry. As part of its marketing mix, Disney produced the hit movie Cars, which was followed by series of Cars in the form of animations available to targeted markets. The company also produced Cars 2 which promoted the Cars franchise. Other accessories associated with the Disney Cars fra nchise include personal care, food, apparel, home dà ©cor, electronics and toys (Disney 2012). Different products of the Car franchise are promoted through the Disney Channel, personal selling, displays, and advertisements. For instance, Cars was introduced to the movie theaters and to the public by designing cartoon car characters which were later displayed in merchandise stores along with the real Car movie as part of its promotion exercise. The Cars franchise is currently promoted through Cars e-magazine, internet platform and other mobile phone applications such as Cars’ Lightning Was Here (Disney 2012). The products are found in movie theaters’, online platforms, and leading merchandise stores. Disney has adopted a strong distribution network in order to ensure that the products are available to consumers within the stipulated timeframe. Disney uses premium prices as part of its pricing strategy (Garcia 2011). The prices offered by Disney are modest and affordabl e given the high level of competition in the entertainment industry.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Walt Disney Company Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering that the company’s executives constantly under pressure to increase profit margins the company has adopted aggressive pricing. This strategy is intended to increase sales. Since Disney has already gained its market share, it uses competitive pricing. Competitive pricing is associated with quality products such as the products associated with Cars franchise. Based on the case study, Disney’s major focus has been on family-friendly fairs with a major emphasis on teens and young children. However, due to increased competition in the industry, Disney should consider choosing another market segment. A good example of a new market segment for Disney to target would be young girls in Middle East. Through the Disney Princess franch ise (Walt Disney 2012) the company could target an untapped market in the Middle East. Jasmine as portrayed in the film Aladdin is a girl who was later captured and treated like a slave (Walt Disney 2012). Middle East is an emerging economy with a fast growing population of women. The Middle East market is promising especially the female segment (Krupnick 2011). Therefore, targeting girls in Middle East is appropriate because the population has an increasing purchasing power. Krupnick (2011) add that the Middle East market is composed of oil-rich nations whose purchasing power has been on rise. For instance, Middle East has a purchasing power of more than 8% (Newman 2006). Therefore, it is important to note that the targeted market will afford Disney branded dolls and other feminine related accessories. Some products such as body and hair perfumes for girls which are a reflection of Jasmine would be highly marketable. Furthermore, Middle East Women inclusive of girls have larger inf luence on products because of their family spending. Arab females have been categorized as an attractive market target group because they form the largest group of media consumers (Carter 1997). In addition, they have a higher buying power just like other buyers in Western markets. The population of females of ages below 30 years is higher compared to that of men.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that there is a ready population which can be targeted (Carter 1997). Advertising through the media and magazines are the most appropriate methods of reaching the target market. This is because traditionally, magazines and media have been the key advertising medium for existing and emerging brands (Carter 1997). If at all Disney is to reposition itself in the Middle East market, the management should take in to consideration market changes and market trends. Products diversification would be a viable option as it would ensure that the target market gets to enjoy a variety of Disney’s products. For example, Jasmine diversified fragrances, perfumes, dolls, t-shirts, and clothing have the capacity to evoke various feelings among the target market. Perfumes with different scents and sizes have different effects on different people and are thus recommended. Jasmine dolls should be of different sizes, color, and be clothed differently in order to meet new market trends a nd customers’ preferences. Also, Disney needs to invest heavily on TV commercials and magazines because females from the Middle East are heavy consumers of TV commercials (Carter 1997). In addition, Disney could upgrade its products and give them a youthful look which create memorable experiences and brand image in the minds of the consumers. Finally, the company should improve its current products by adding new features as a way of making them more appealing to the target customers. Carter, Meg. â€Å"The Buying Power of Arab women. (Latest Developments in Advertising in the Middle East). † Campaign. 6 Jun. 1997: 1. Print. Disney. Disney Consumer Products: Disney-Pixar Cars. 2011. Web. https://www.disneyconsumerproducts.com/Home/display.jsp?contentId=dcp_home_ourfranchises_disney_cars_usforPrint=falselanguage=enpreview=falseimageShow=0pressRoom=UStranslationOf=region=0. Disney Institute. Disney’s approach to Brand Loyalty. PDF files. 24 Nov. 2012 disneyinstit utecollateral.com/files/PDP/BrandLoyalty_Extended.pdf Garcia, Jason. â€Å"Disney Pricing Strategy: Seeking More Profits out of Long-Term visitors.† Orlando Sentinel. 20 Jun. 2011: 1. Print. Krupnick, Ellie. Arab Women The Majority Of Couture Clients, Executives Say. 10 Oct. 2011. Web.. huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/07/arab-women-couture-clients_n_999680.html. Newman, Mark. Purchasing Power. 2006. Web.worldmapper.org/posters/worldmapper_map170_ver5.pdf Russell, Christina. The Walt Disney Company. PDF files. 24 Nov. 2012, christinalrussell.com/documents/DisneyFinanceProject_000.pdf. Walt Disney. Disney Consumer Products: Disney Princess. 2011. Web. https://www.disneyconsumerproducts.com/Home/display.jsp?contentId=dcp_home_ourfranchises_disney_princess_usforPrint=falselanguage=enpreview=falseimageShow=0pressRoom=UStranslationOf=region=0

Change-oriented leadership trans formational and charismatic leaders Coursework - 1

Change-oriented leadership trans formational and charismatic leaders slp - Coursework Example In my opinion, this approach was more managerial in nature, as the supervisor conformed to previously set standards and sought to maintain the status quo. The supervisor did little to set new directions or establish new goals, as is the case for leaders who are more visionary-oriented. The Five Factor Model (FFM) outlines five personality dimensions, which include Neurotism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness (OCEAN). Within each dimension are primary factors, which describe in detail individual qualities. Conscientiousness refers to an individual’s ability to be dependable and involved whereas agreeableness analyzes the degree to which one co-operates with others and their level of compassion. Conversely, extraversion encompasses one’s ability to interact socially with others whereas neurotism measures the degree of emotions instability such as an increased predisposition towards negative emptions such as anger or anxiety. Finally, openness to experience encompasses an individual’s curiosity level, love for adventure and ability to appreciate aesthetics. My supervisor was low in neurotism, high in extraversion, high in conscientiousness, low in agreeableness, and low in openness to experience. As the head on the inter nship program, he had developed a high tolerance from training interns. His subordinates could depend on him when faced with challenging issues and he had a good rapport with them, as he was a social person. However, from his plain office dà ©cor, it was clear that he had no appreciation of aesthetics; for example, art. The behavioral approach adopted by the supervisor was task-oriented. The company’s core task was customer satisfaction, which necessitated employees to establish a good rapport with the clients. As such, performance appraisals sought to evaluate an employee’s interactions with the clients based on the client’s feedback. The training seminars organized by the

Statutory Interpretation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statutory Interpretation - Case Study Example Alec took a pecuniary advantage by deception of Vera to gain more money from the woman by dishonestly selling to her a computer that is worth 1000 for 2000. When he supplied the computer to her, he insisted that the computer is worth every penny of the 2000 given to him by Vera. There was no reason as to why the old woman would have thought the computer in question was not worth 2000 and we can not say that he was reckless to the representation of the computer. Alec knew very well the actual cost of the computer since they sold the machine at 1000 but she took advantage of the old woman and charge her double the amount the computer is worth. This act is a criminal offence under s 15 Theft Act 1968 for acquiring extra money from Vera dishonestly from the sale of the computer. For this case, Alec if convicted is liable for imprisonment of a term not exceeding ten years. This Theft Act was brought about to protect ordinary citizens from exploitation by people who want to obtain property from them in a dishonesty manner by deception. 1 For the case where Brian, an employed IT technician obtained services by deception is liable for criminal offence under the s 1 Theft Act 1978. ... Brian was a cousin to Bryan and since they share the same surname, there is no way as to why Wendy would have doubted the representation. Brian held both the season ticket that belonged to Bryan and his driving license and since they share the same surname, we can not say the Wendy was reckless to the representation and he failed to verify the two documents. For this case, Brian if convicted is liable for a criminal offence under s 1 Theft Act 1978. The Act was enacted to bring to book those who dishonestly obtain services by deception. Brian deceived Wendy, the gate attendant to believe that the services of attending to the football match has already been paid for and he was entitled to watch the football. For this case, he obtained services of watching football match by deception hence he is liable for criminal offence under s 1 Theft Act of 1978. 2 For the case where Alec advertised for a post of a qualified IT specialist who was to be graduate of BSc degree in IT but he ended up recruiting Brian who had faked that he was a graduate. Brian obtained pecuniary advantages by deception to be hired by Alec where he pretended to have graduated with a Bsc. Degree in IT where else he was using Bryan degree certificate. There is not way Alec would have noted that Brian was not a graduate since he had a degree certificate. The name Brian and Bryan looks similar and one would not note the difference between the two names and this led to Alec being deceived by Brian and recruited him to the position of a qualified IT technician believing that he was a BSc. Degree graduate. Brian was dishonest since he knew very well that he was not a BSc. Degree graduate and yet he went ahead of applying for position of a qualified IT technician with a fake degree certificate. For