Developing a Thesis Statement - 607 Words

Developing a Thesis Statement After choosing a topic, it is important to understand the role a thesis statement in the essay. A thesis statement serves as a road sign that gives sign of what the writing is intended to tackle; it is the answer to the question asked. A thesis statement is an assertion; it takes a stand announcing the writers position on the topic. It is important for the writer to explore the topic to find a particular narrow subject. It is also important for the writer to know the purpose and audience of the paper. A thesis statement for a narrative essay needs to be vivid and captivating. The starting point is asking a question. A thesis can be developed by answering a question. For example a family reunion, what role does a family reunion play in strengthening the family? Then formulation of a sentence that serves as a thesis: family reunion plays a key role of strengthening family ties by†¦ here it is advisable for the writer to follow a rigid structure, know the basic formula to keep the statement within the acceptable length as well as to organize the argument. In addition, following a pattern that holds the core idea will aid in developing a clear subject. Here, an idea does something because [reason(s)], Family reunion strengthens family ties [they help keep fond memories]. This then becomes, because [reason(s)], [idea] [does something], because [they help keep fond memories], [family reunion] [strengthens family ties]. This is refined to althoughShow MoreRelatedEssay on Eng 102 Short Story735 Words   |  3 PagesFiction Essay Thesis and Outline Instructi ons    In Module/Week 3, you will write a 750-words (about 3–4-pages) essay that compares and contrasts two stories from the Fiction Unit.   Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below.   Review the Fiction Essay Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded.   Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a one-page thesisRead MoreTH131 Orals Reviewer1444 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Thesis Statement #1 We are all called both personally, as individual believers, and ecclesially, as members of the Church, to share Jesus Christ by word and witness, through active commitment (Radcliffe). *We are called on by Jesus to spread his word through active commitment - God created man to name his Creation. We were created in order to serve the Lord, but at the same time, we are also made in his image - God gave humans names first (Adam, Eve) and then tasked them to help Him name hisRead MoreEssay Tragic Hero643 Words   |  3 Pages   Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below.   Review the research paper Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded. Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a one-page thesis statement, outline, draft, and bibliography for your research paper.   Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using MLA, APA, or Turabian styleRead MoreDeath and Everyman640 Words   |  3 Pages Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below. Review the research paper Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded. Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a one-page thesis statement, outline, draft, and bibliography for your research paper. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using MLA, APA, or Turabian styleRead MoreUnderstanding the Writing Process1329 Words   |  5 Pagesand words into a concise and intelligent essay. In order for a writer to be able to present their views to others they must assimilate the writing process into three steps. An essay should have an introductory paragraph where a writer states their thesis, body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. Within each step are many factors that are involved in how a writer will express their understanding about the subject. Several of these steps are overlapping and can vary because each individual bringsRead MoreENG 102 fiction essay instruction768 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the Fiction Unit. Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below. Review the Fiction Essay Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded. Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a 1-page thesis statement and outline for your essay. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current MLA, A PA, or Turabian style (whicheverRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830892 Words   |  4 Pagesand revise that said hypothesis after several data sets to have a specific thesis statement that is specific to all events leading up to the inquiry question. The inquiry question the students are analyzing is; what are the major effects of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? The students will be given several data sets of events that occurred after the act was initiated and draw conclusions and revise their thesis statement as they go. The big idea of this lesson to have students understand the importanceRead More Writing the Academic Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesbody, and the conclusion are its three essential parts. For starters then, let us begin with the introduction. Its job is to move from the general to the specific, to introduce the essays topic, clarify its central idea, and detail its thesis statement. Yet, before it can do that, it should attempt to hook the reader by catching his interest with some appropriate bait. The first way to hook a reader is by centering an original title above the introduction. Please note the word original inRead MoreDeveloping a Research Project and a Brief Study on Obesity677 Words   |  3 Pagesproject? I have completed several research projects and I find that developing the thesis statement is the most difficult part of the process. The thesis is the over-arching viewpoint of the research and states the writers position for the project (Hardy Ramjeet, 2005). It can be an analysis of issues and facts surrounding a topic or an argument for or against a particular subject or idea. Without a concise thesis statement, the project lacks direction. It can easily end up a general reportingRead MoreAnime and Manga632 Words   |  3 Pagesclarifies, or defines), anchored to researched, cited information. Scoring Guidelines |6 = Exemplary |3= Developing | |5 = Strong |2 = Emerging | |4 = Proficient |1 = Beginning | Reminder: If a student receives Emerging or Developing in any category the teacher must include suggestions for improvement in the Comments section. PART I: | |Criteria

The University Setting At High School Essay - 1266 Words

When students graduate from high school many of them make the decision to further their education and continue on to university. However, the university setting can be very different from high school, and thus young adults have to adjust to this change of environment (Thurber Walton, 2012). During this transition, there are many factors that can either have a positive or negative effect on the adjustment to university. According to Sevinà § and Gizir (2014), there are â€Å"4 types of adjustment† (p. 1302) that young adults have to face during their integration into university life. Firstly is academic adjustment† (Sevinà § Gizir, 2014, p. 1302), which is whether or not a student entering university for the first time is able to keep up with the amount of work that they are assigned, which may be more than what they were previously accustomed to in high school, as well as their adjustment to the way in which their various courses are structured for example being taug ht in large lecture rooms with many other students (Sevinà § Gizir, 2014). Next is â€Å"social adjustment† (Sevinà § Gizir, 2014, p. 1302), and this can be defined as the ability a young adult has to interact with their new group of peers and make new friends (Sevinà § Gizir, 2014). This also includes involvement in situations that require one to socialise, for example the sports, clubs and various societies that their university may have to offer (Sevinà § Gizir, 2014). The third adjustment type, known as â€Å"EmotionalShow MoreRelatedWhat Do They Do When They Graduate?903 Words   |  4 PagesThe last year in high school, every high school senior is faced with the same questions. And have to make some very important decisions. The question of what do they want to do when they graduate? If they decide to go to college what do they want to major in? As well as what college do they want to go to? Many even have to decide on junior college verse a university and ho w can they benefit from either one. Many students think about going to a junior college just to start off their college careerRead MoreEducation Is Constantly Used By Both Children And Adults916 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess of teaching someone especially in a school, college, or university; the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college or university; or a field of study that deals with the methods and problems of teaching. The term education goes deeper than this general definition. Education isn’t just going to school and learning lessons in different subjects for thirteen years (seventeen if attending a traditional four-year university), it is something that occurs every dayRead MoreIs Scholarships Not Necessary Of A Positive Motivator?878 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the class reading and discussions, I found that the ministry of education does not always respect the rights of educators, teachers and schools. For example, there are so me high schools in Toronto do not offer full courses and therefore, the students in that schools are not qualified to go to universities. Some schools are regulated, but as soon as schools are regulated, they complicating the society. There was a discussion that scholarships are not necessary a good idea because it can not makeRead MoreWork With An Entrepreneur, Will904 Words   |  4 PagesDominican Alumna. He received his MBA 2010 here at Dominican University. He is currently looking to expand and develop his company. He is also working toward his P.H.D at IIT, and wants to become a professor at Dominican. His business is about student recruitment and exchange pairing business. Will’s business has formed relationships with government and school’s university in China. Students want to come visit or study in America. Prestigious schools and students are usually looking to pair with equivalentRead MoreI Have Worked In Education For Ten Years, Eight As An Algebra1679 Words   |  7 Pagesyear as an Assistant Principal at New Braunfels High School. Education has been a passion of mind since becoming the first person in my family to graduate from high school and obtaining my Bachelor s degree from T exas State University. Most of my days consist of guiding students in their education endeavor and supporting educators with instruction and delivery in the school setting. This document is my beliefs on what is important for schools to be successful in improving teaching and learningRead MoreTraditional Vs. Online Learning1510 Words   |  7 PagesAmong schools with 12th-grade students during the 2010–11 school year, the average percentage of 12th-grade students who graduated with a high school diploma was 89 percent for traditional public schools, 91 percent for public charter schools, and 92 percent for private schools (Institute of Educational Sciences). Traditional on campus classes are those in which a student earns a diploma or a degree in a classroom environment taught by a professor. Students are provided with high amounts of socialRead MoreThe Article, Written By Patron, G916 Words   |  4 Pagesbrighter students and over all school performance. The article suggests that brighter pupils can be held back by their weaker classmates. The recently published research work by the Royal Economic Society showed that a large number of low achieving pupils in class had negative impact on the bright children’s performance. The data about mixed ability classroom was released by Ofsted, after question by conservative MP for Kingswood. The data shows that in English state schools, 55 per cent of all lessonsRead MoreMotivation, Goal And Their Gpa845 Words   |  4 PagesNumerous stories have been conducted about College Graduation focusing in different levels of observation like motivation, goal-setting and their GPA. According to Dweck et al, When face with a difficult academic challenge, why do some student cheerfully roll up their sleeves ready to dig in and tackle the problem, while other students throw up their hands and in despair and defeat? Dweck argues that these two behavioral patterns reflect different underlying achievement goal orientation and differentRead MoreEastern Michigan University : Community University1025 Words   |  5 PagesEastern Michigan University Eastern Michigan University is public university located in relatively unknown city of Ypsilanti, Michigan. Ypsilanti is east of Ann Arbor and west of Detroit. The university was originally founded in 1849, but today is one of the state’s most popular higher learning institutions. There are seven academic divisions that offer over two hundred undergraduate degrees through the popular Colleges of Business, Education, Technology and Human Services. There are 5,000 graduateRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States has spent less than 5,000 hours on studying, but 10,000 hours on computer games or social networking. Moreover, since 2012, as many as sixty-three percent of universities offer online courses. Educational leaders throughout the U.S. are using electronic devices to try to engage students in a classroom setting through familiar technology. But are electronic devices good for the growth of education? Low standardized t est scores show that students that use electronic devices for schoolwork

Biology Chapter 19 Free Essays

Biology Chapter 19 Free Essays 1. Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics except _____. ( Overview) Your Answer:| the presence or absence of a membranous envelope | | Correct Answer:| the presence or absence of metabolic machinery | |    No. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a difference among viruses. 2. A microbiologist analyzes chemicals obtained from an enveloped RNA virus that infects monkeys. He finds that the viral envelope contains a protein characteristic of monkey cells. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? ( Concept 19. 1) Your Answer:| Its presence is a result of the monkey’s immunological response. | Correct Answer:| The viral envelope forms as the virus leaves the host cell. | |    No. This does not explain the presence of either the envelope or the monkey protein found on the envelope. 3. Which of the following, if any, may be a component of a virus? ( Concept 19. 1) Your Answer:| single-stranded (ss) RNA | | Correct Answer:| All of the listed responses are correct. | |    No. Single-stranded RNA is the genetic material of certain viruses, but there is a better answer. 4. Viruses that infect bacteria are called _____. ( Concept 19. 1) Your Answer:| capsomeres | | Correct Answer:| bacteriophages | | No. Capsomeres are the protein subunits of the capsid, the protein shell that encloses the viral genome. 5. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, only infects certain cells within the immune system. This is because _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| other cells produce toxins that destroy the virus before infection can take place | | Correct Answer:| the virus binds to specific receptors that are only present on certain immune cells | |    No. This is not true. 6. Cancer cells often have protein receptor molecules on their surfaces that differ from those on normal body cells. Given this fact, how might viruses be used to treat cancer? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| Viruses could be engineered to infect only cancer cells by altering viral surface proteins to recognize only the receptors on cancer cells. |    Correct. The host specificity of viruses could be used to make cancer cells â€Å"sick† whereas normal body cells would not be infected. This approach would reduce the collateral damage seen in chemotherapy. 7. Why are phages useful in treating bacterial infections in humans? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| Because of their host specificity, they only attack bacteria. They do not affect eukaryotic cells. | | Correct Answer:| The first three answers are correct. | |    No. This is true, but there is a better answer. 8. Which of the following can a virus do without a host cell? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| transcribe DNA | | Correct Answer:| None of the listed responses is correct. | |    No. DNA viruses use the RNA polymerase of the host to transcribe viral DNA. 9. When a virus infects an E. coli cell, what part of the virus enters the bacterial cytoplasm? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| the tail fibers | | Correct Answer:| only the nucleic acid | | No. The tail remains outside the host cell. 10. The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is a _____ cycle, and a phage that always reproduces this way is a _____ phage. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| lysogenic †¦ virulent | | Correct Answer:| lytic †¦ virulent | | No. A virus with a lysogenic cycle is a temperate virus. 11. In the lytic life cycle of phages _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| the viral capsid is assembled according to the genetic information of the bacterium | | Correct Answer:| the cell typically dies, releasing many copies of the virus | |    No. The viral capsid assembles spontaneously from its subunits, the capsomeres. 12. Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell |    Correct. Restriction enzymes cut viral DNA, but bacterial DNA is modified in such a way as to protect it against the enzymes. 13. A phage that inserts itself into the host DNA is called _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| a capsomere | | Correct Answer:| lysogenic | | No. Capsomeres are the protein subunits of capsids. 14. A prophage is a(n) _____. Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| virus that infects bacteria | | Correct Answer:| viral genome that has been incorporated into a bacterial cell’s chromosome | |    No. This type of virus is called a bacteriophage. 15. In the lysogenic cycle of phages _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| the viral nucleic acid inserts itself into the host chromosome | | Correct Answer:| All of the listed response s are correct. | |    No. This statement is true, but it is not the best response. 16. What is the origin of the phospholipid membrane that envelops many animal viruses? ( Concept 19. ) Your Answer:| It is â€Å"stolen† from the host cell, but it contains some proteins encoded by the viral genome. |    Correct. Newly formed viruses â€Å"cloak† themselves in phospholipid membrane derived from the host, but certain components encoded by the viral genome are also included in the envelope. 17. Why can flare-ups of herpesvirus infection recur throughout a person’s life? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| Herpesvirus may cloak itself in a cell’s nuclear envelope, making it very difficult for the immune system to recognize it. | | Correct Answer:| Herpesvirus can leave its DNA behind as minichromosomes in nerve cell nuclei. Stress can trigger another round of virus production, producing characteristic blisters and sores. | |    No. Herpesvirus does use the nuclear envelope’s membrane as its envelope at some times, but recurrences are caused by the virus leaving its DNA in the nucleus of certain nerve cells. When triggered, the viral DNA can set off another round of virus production. 18. How do retroviruses, such as HIV, differ from other viruses? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| They contain DNA that is used as a template to make RNA. | | Correct Answer:| They can transcribe a DNA copy from a RNA template. | |    No. Retroviruses are not DNA viruses. 19. Reverse transcription, carried out by retroviruses, is the process by which _____. ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| RNA information is â€Å"read† to form a protein molecule | | Correct Answer:| RNA information is copied into DNA | | No. This is translation. 20. Which statement below is a correct comparison of a â€Å"regular† RNA virus and an RNA retrovirus? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| Only the RNA retrovirus performs translation. | | Correct Answer:| Both produce protein coats via translation of mRNA. | |    No. Translation is required for the manufacture of viral proteins. 1. When comparing DNA and RNA viruses, which mutate more quickly, and why? ( Concept 19. 2) Your Answer:| RNA viruses, because RNA is single-stranded and thus more prone to mutations | | Correct Answer:| RNA viruses, because no proofreading is done on RNA molecules | |    No. RNA viruses mutate more quickly because RNA molecules are not proofread. 22. The symptoms of a viral infection in a person can be caused by _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| the reaction of the individual’s immune system to the infection | | Correct Answer:| All of the listed responses are correct. | |    No. This statement is true, but there is a better response. 23. Vaccines for viral diseases are _____ and help prevent infection by _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| protease inhibitors †¦ preventing synthesis of envelope proteins | | Correct Answer:| harmless derivatives of pathogenic viruses †¦ stimulating the immune system to mount a defense against the actual pathogen | |    No. Protease inhibitors are not vaccines but are instead a separate class of antiviral drugs. 24. Emerging viruses can originate from which of the following sources? ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| animal viruses | | Correct Answer:| All of the listed responses are correct. | |    No. This is a possible source, but there is a better answer. 25. What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus? ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| Hemagglutinin is involved in assembling the membrane envelope that the virus uses as a cloak when it leaves an infected cell. | | Correct Answer:| Hemagglutinin is the protein that helps the influenza virus attach to host cells. | |    No. Hemagglutinin helps the virus attach to host cells. 26. Birds act as a natural _____ for the influenza _____ virus. Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| reservoir †¦ C | | Correct Answer:| reservoir †¦ A | | No. Influenza type C only infects humans. 27. Which of the following is an example of vertical transmission of a virus in plants? ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| An infected plant produces seeds that contain the virus, giving rise to infected progeny. |    Correct. Vertical transmission refers to the spread of a virus from parent to offspring. 28. Plant viruses spread throughout the plant by way of _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| the lymphatic system | | Correct Answer:| plasmodesmata | | No. Plants do not have a lymphatic system. 29. Circular RNA molecules that function like a virus in plants are termed _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| viroid | Correct. Viroids are tiny molecules of circular RNA that infect plants. 30. Prions are _____ that are thought to cause disease by _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| mutant DNA molecules †¦ encoding toxic proteins | | Correct Answer:| abnormally shaped proteins †¦ inducing similar but normally shaped proteins in the brain to adopt the abnormal form | |    No. Prions are proteins. 31. A new pathogenic form of influenza A can emerge when _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| a virus with a novel genetic makeup recombines with viruses that circulate widely among humans | | Correct Answer:| All of the listed factors likely contribute to the emergence of a new pathogenic strain of influenza A. | |    No. This can contribute to the emergence of a new pathogenic strain of influenza A virus but there is a better answer. 32. What is the prevailing hypothesis for the surprisingly low infection and mortality rate among people over 64 years of age during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic? Concept 19. 3) Your Answer:| Older people were likely exposed to earlier H1N1 viruses that primed their immune systems for the virus of the 2009 pandemic. |    Correct. It is proposed that prior exposure to earlier H1N1 viruses primed the immune system of older people so that they were able to mount an immune response to the recent H1N1 virus. 33. The avian flu virus H5N1 is considered a greater l ong-term threat than the swine flu virus H1N1 because _____. ( Concept 19. 3) Correct Answer:| it has a significantly higher mortality rate| | How to cite Biology Chapter 19, Essay examples

Environmental and Social Impact of Fashion †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental and Social Impact of Fashion. Answer: Introduction The clothing industry is one of the most dynamic and challenging industries in the modern period. The widely popular Collette Dinnigan, Lisa Ho, Jaysonn Brunsfon, Kit Willow and Sass Bide are taking the world by storm and are successfully expanding themselves into the global marketplace. The Australian clothing industry is the primary creative and designing industries and presently, there are more than 2000 fashion exporters through which it is delivering its products and services in the international market (Azizul Islam and Jain 2013). However, this paper will shed light on the prevailing ethical issues in the clothing industry and their impact on the different stakeholders. Furthermore, it will also examine the different alternatives for addressing these issues. The clothing industry has a very complicated connection with many other fields such as advertising, manufacturing, transportation, retailing and production of raw materials. The large amount of profits that is made in this sector creates a temptation for engaging into ethical behavior. When the manufacturers, consumers and the producers are being treated in unfair terms, the clothing executives have the ethical responsibility to change the same. There are several ethical issues that are prevailing in the clothing industry in current days and they include animal abuse, unfair wages, environmental degradation, health and safety risks and child labor (Mboga 2017). Two of these ethical issues are described below: Low wages- According to the words of the clothing industry, it provides employment opportunities in the second and the third world countries and this is why their sweatshops is universally benefitting the life of their workers, notwithstanding of whether or not these workers are paid their living wages. But, this in fact is a white lie. In majority of the countries, the workers are paid below the minimum wages by their contractors, who are hired by the large and well-known fashion companies. The payments that these workers get not even cover their basic needs and it is doubtful to say that these payments allow them a budget for their emergencies. Animal cruelty- The issue of animal abuse within the clothing and fashion industry is known to all. It comes in two parts- the first is the one in which the animals are tortured directly by objectifying them for their fur, skin or their hide, whereas the other part harms the animals by disturbing their food chain or by polluting their habitat. In both of these circumstances, the processes that are involved in the production of cloth and fashion makes living freely and independently for these animals tough. In order to have the workers shave off their fur for making clothes, many of the animals are bred in confinement and are grown to a ripe age. With the same, the live animals are many of the times, mutilated after their furs are been shaved. Also, animals such as crocodiles and snakes are sometimes bred especially so that the manufacturers can extract their skin as the raw materials for making products such as handbags, shoes etc. Impact of ethical issues on the different stakeholders The stakeholders are the actual owners of an organization in true terms as they are the share holders in the organization (Wheelen et al. 2017). Each of the stakeholders expects decent returns on the money they have invested upon the company. In clothing and fashion industry the stakeholders who are involved include the entrepreneurs, who initiates the business; the CEO who runs the corporation; the workers who harvest the raw materials like wool, cotton, leather etc; the workmen who operates the provided raw materials into clothing; the advertisement companies who raise awareness among the people for the industry; the transportation companies; government, the families of the workers, the food and drink company who cater food services to the factory workers; the water and electricity supply providers; the TV stations and the broadcasting companies; the shopping malls; and the customers (Pal 2014). Each of these stakeholders are greatly affected if the industry faces any ethical issue within the system. Such type of ethical issues makes common man change their perspective. They tend to opt for other things. As a result, this reduce sale of the products and services and this in turn will ultimately affect these stakeholders who are involved. Initiatives for addressing the issue There are some companies that have investigated the practices of fair and ethical trade (Crane Matten 2016). The fair trade clothing firms assures their consumers that the workers or the workmen in the foreign countries are receiving livable and fair wages for the work they are doing. In order to overcome the problem of water pollution or environment degradation, some of the clothing and fashion companies have begun to use more natural and eco friendly products (Hansen Schaltegger 2016). The OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has an extensive guideline in terms of ergonomics, machine operation, noise, hazardous substances, exposure to cotton, dye safety and heat stress (Dong et al. 2013). Like, for example, for some general safety advice with regards to sewing garments, the organization (OSHA) has a page in its website where there is detailed information regarding sewing techniques and proper posture. The International Labor Organization (ILO), which guides the clothing manufacturers of Europe, has set guidelines that the clothing companies can use to make sure that appropriate fair labor practices are implemented within the companies. Each of the measures that have been taken by the clothing companies and the different associations and organizations are effectively contributing to better tomorrow for the fashion industry as well as for the well-being of mankind. However, the sense of going green is the best to me, as it is benefitting both environment and the company. Using organic cotton, soy, bamboo and hemp to weave the fabrics and plant based dye to color the fabrics would greatly reduce the environmental impact of fashion (Mukherjee 2015). Conclusion From the above analysis, it is to be concluded that the clothing industry is one of the most spirited and active industries in todays market and this is what making it fall under certain ethical issues within the sector. However, there are certain steps taken by different associated organization in order to reduce the issues and take the industry towards success without any dilemma. Below are several further recommendation made in order to address these issues: Recommendation Reputable voluntary schemes must be used in order to ensure that highest possible standards of care are provided to every animal that are used for the purposes of clothing and fashion. A guarantee must always be obtained that the feather and the fur that are used to make the clothing is originated solely from the naturally dead animals and birds. Both the producers and the suppliers must consider the fact that the wild animals are a major part of their own natural ecosystems and therefore they should be valued as well as protected by them. Their welfare must be taken into consideration by the producers and the suppliers. With the same, the clothing industry, both national and international should abide by proper safety measures in order to ensure that the employees are being treated in ethical and moral way. Furthermore, using recycled synthetic fibers in the products will surely help to keep the non-biodegradable items away from landfills. References: Azizul Islam, M., Jain, A. 2013. Workplace human rights reporting: a study of Australian garment and retail companies.Australian accounting review,23(2), 102-116. Crane, A., Matten, D. 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dong, X. S., Choi, S. D., Borchardt, J. G., Wang, X., Largay, J. A. 2013. Fatal falls from roofs among US construction workers.Journal of safety research,44, 17-24. Hansen, E. G., Schaltegger, S. 2016. Mainstreaming of Sustainable Cotton in the German Clothing Industry. InSustainable Fibres for Fashion Industry(pp. 39-58). Springer, Singapore. Mboga, J. 2017. ELICITING MILLENNIAL PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICAL PRACTICES AND MORAL CONDUCT WITHIN THE APPAREL INDUSTRY.European Journal of Economic and Financial Research. Mukherjee, S. 2015. Environmental and social impact of fashion: Towards an eco-friendly, ethical fashion.Int. J. Interdiscip. Multidiscip. Stud,2, 22-35. Pal, R. 2014. Sustainable business development through designing approaches for fashion value chains. InRoadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing(pp. 227-261). Springer Singapore. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. 2017. Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

The Clifford And James Philosophies On Beliefs

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Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management - Assignment Example We have to sufficiently agile to adapt as the road winds and be foresightful about what might be ahead.† (Gratton, 1998 14). Therefore the role of HR functions in today’s organizations can not be limited to a few traditional aspects of management of people. The overall role of HR functions with respect to managing people is to ensure that the organization achieves all its short term and long term objectives. In order to do so the HR functions must take steps, guide and support the organization on all matters related to the workforce of the organization. One of the primary roles of HR functions is to act as a change agent. HR function is vital in delivering cultural change and organizational transformation. Therefore the role of HR in facilitating and managing change with respect to employees is crucial for an organization. The various other aspects of managing people that HR function will play a role is in training and development, performance evaluation and appraisals, developing healthy relation among the employees and, between the employees and management, designing and development of HR strategies, policies and practices (Armstrong, 2006). First line supervisors or managers play an important role in managing people with an organization. First line managers and supervisors are the gateway of communication between the management and the employees at the grass root level. It is the first line managers who have first hand experience of the day to conditions at the work place. There are in the best position to sense and discover changes or routines in the employee attitude. Also it is the first line managers with whom the employees communicate about any issues at the workplace (Tyson & York, 2000). The employees relate to the first line managers and their experiences with the first line manager primarily formulate their experience with the organization. Therefore, the cooperation and involvement of first line mangers in the designing HRM strategies, policies and practices is important. Also they are vital for the implementation of the HRM strategies and policies. The management of the employees on a day to day basis is carried out by the first line mangers and not the HR executives. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the first line mangers to ensure the effective implementation of the various HR strategies and polices (Gratton, 1999). The HR Director and the executives of the HR team are responsible for insuring that all the HR policies and practices are implemented within the organization. It is their responsibility to design the HR policies and practices as well as ensure that it is implemented. But it is not possible to implement these policies and practices themselves. They need to take the assistance of various managers and supervisors down the line to ensure that these policies and practices are understood by everyone in the organization and at the same time implemented effectively to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. The immediate responsibility of the performance of employees will be that of the line managers and supervisors. But the responsibility of the overall performance of the employees of an organization is that of the HR teams. One of the main purposes of HR teams is to ensure the full potential of the employees is extracted. It is the responsib

Political ideas, under international relations Coursework

Political ideas, under international relations - Coursework Example It is perhaps better conceived as two aspects of the same thing that can not be separated with clear lines. First, it is a practice or method of government, a set of forms and procedures. Second, it relates to ends rather than means, to an ideal or set of ideals. A direct democracy is a political system in which all citizens are allowed to influence policy by means of a direct vote on any particular issue. However it is impracticable except in a very small polity. Even though it was practiced in Athens, it didn't involve all the people, only adult male citizens. Representative democracy can simply be defined as an indirect democracy in which the people do not themselves govern but elect representatives who govern them. As for the relation between electoral and representative democracy, it will suffice to note that the former is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition of the latter. This is also to say that the concept of representative democracy comprehends electoral democracy; but the reverse is not true. While modern democracies are jointly electoral and representative, an electoral democracy that does not elect representatives is a distinct possibility. The other two notions--direct democracy and referendum democracy--require a somewhat more detailed explication. Although a direct democracy can be simply defined a contrario, that is, as a democracy without representatives and without representational transmission belts, yet this specimen displays subspecies that command separate recognition. Any direct democracy is, in some sense, a self-governing democracy. But we know that the meaning of self-government crucially hinges on the size factor; (Banducci, 1998, 116) so does the meaning and reality of direct democracy. A literal, authentically self-governing direct democracy can be said to exist only with reference to relatively small groups--say, up to assembly-size groups. Beyond the assembly size, the most meaningful distinction is between observable di rect democracy, and a direct democracy whose size escapes direct observability, that is, a greater than observable one. The democracy of the ancients qualifies as observable, for it resolved itself not only in the gathering of the citizens in a single place but in an observable behaviour of the participants. But the magnitude that allows for such observability is in the order of a few thousands. And that order of magnitude already brings about a great deal of indirectness in a direct democracy. Only in part was Greek democracy truly and authentically "direct." And when we come to a greater-than-observable direct democracy, what makes it direct is only, or basically, the inference that it is not a representative kind of democracy. The notion of referendum democracy will help to qualify this last assertion. The original idea of a representative was of a person elected to express or reflect the views of his constituents. (Raphael, 1990, 91) However, this does not seem possible, the rep resentative needs to gather his constituents and get the view of them on every issue. Therefore the representative chosen is not obliged to mirror the ideas of his constituents rather he is elected as a man of good judgement. This is a doctrine often known as Edmund Burke's Principle, which states that representatives should act upon their own conscience in the affairs of a representative democracy. Nevertheless in practice, the inevitable rise of the well disciplined party system has caused representatives to decide under the

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the Essay

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the United States - Essay Example nless the lessee has selected that person and directed the lessor to acquire the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods from that person, (b) that the lessee is entitled under this Article to the promises and warranties, including those of any third party, provided to the lessor by the person supplying the goods in connection with or as part of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods, and (c) that the lessee may communicate with the person supplying the goods to the lessor and receive an accurate and complete statement of those promises and warranties, including any disclaimers and limitations of them or of remedies.2 For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not ha ve possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a  security interest if the consideration that the... For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not have possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest if the consideration that the lessee is to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is an obligation for the term of the lease and is not subject to termination by the lessee, and: the original term of the lease is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods; the lessee is bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or is bound to become the owner of the goods;

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay

Aesthetic Attitude Is A Myth Philosophy Essay In The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude, George Dickie argues that the notion of the aesthetic attitude is a myth and attempts to argue against all forms of the idea. Whilst there are other compelling theories concerning the existence of the aesthetic attitude, he presents a strong case against it, arguing that all attempts to precisely describe such an attitude fail. His argument focuses on the notions of the aesthetic attitude proposed by Bullough and Stolnitz, which I will outline in this essay. Initially, Dickie considers Edward Bulloughs theory of psychical distance. Bullough suggests that in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude and judge an object aesthetically, the subject must distance themselves from that object and separate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the object and its appeal from ones own self, by putting it out of gear with practical needs and ends.  [1]  In doing so, Bullough says that contemplation of the object becomes alone possible  [2]  and you are no longer directly involved with the object. Bullough illustrates his idea using his fog at sea example, where he describes how unpleasant and dangerous the fog might seem to a person, but also how beautiful the fog is. Bullough thinks that it is the aesthetic attitude which enables ones view of the fog to change through a transformation by distance  [3]  as the fog is allowed to stand outside the context of our personal needs and ends and one can look at it objectively. For Bullough, only the right amount of distance enables the aesthetic attitude to be employed and he discusses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cases in which people are unable to bring off an act of distancing or are incapable of being induced into a state of being distanced.  [4]  Bulloughs example of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the jealous husband at a performance of Othello  [5]  unable to concentrate as he is thinking of his own wifes suspicious behaviour demonstrates being under-distanced as the subject is too emotionally involved with the play. Similarly, a light technician working on the play might be over-distanced as he is preoccupied with the lights and missing any emotional involvement with the play itself. Dickie may undermine Bulloughs concept of distance here as he questions whether one can deliberately distance oneself or whether one can be induced into a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦consciousness denoted by being distanced.  [6]  Dickie undermines the concept of distance here suggesting that there is no such experience as being distanced and so undermines Bulloughs theory. Furthermore, Dickie criticises Bulloughs use of new terms referring to distance, as he thinks to introduce these terms does nothing but send us chasing after phantom acts and states of consciousness.  [7]  Dickie infers that there is no identifiable psychological experience of being distanced  [8]  and so no value in Bulloughs idea of distance. Furthermore he suggests that being under or over-distanced is simply being more or less focused on something and just two different cases of inattention.  [9]  Therefore, being distanced means just focusing ones attention on something and is not a new kind of act  [10]  or special state of consciousness  [11]  . Whilst Dickie puts forward a fairly persuasive argument against psychical distance, his description of aesthetic experiences as simple cases of attention or inattention may not be adequate in explaining what it truly is to have an aesthetic experience. If, as Dickie suggests, we reject the aesthetic attitude, one might argue that we would be unable to answer some important questions about aesthetic experience. Specifically, one might argue that the aesthetic attitude is required in order to pinpoint what exactly the judgment of taste is and what prompts us to recognise objects as aesthetic objects. Therefore, Dickies argument may be less effective in refuting the aesthetic attitude, as Bulloughs theory of distance may be closer to providing answers to such questions. Importantly, Dickie continues his argument by criticising another way of conceiving the aesthetic attitude when he discusses Jerome Stolnitzs theory which suggests that the aesthetic attitude is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦marked out by its disinterestednessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [12]  and its detachment from practical purposes. Stolnitzs definition is that it is the disinterested and sympathetic attention to and contemplation of any object of awareness whatever, for its own sake alone.  [13]  Stolnitz elaborates on this idea explaining that disinterested attention means looking at the object with no concern for any ulterior purpose.  [14]  Similarly he says that sympathetic attention means that the subject can experience the objects individual qualities with no prejudice. For Stolnitz, such an aesthetic perception involves the subjects active attention being directed at the object alone, without thinking or asking questions and being emotionally open and able to respond to it. This result s in an enhanced experience of the object which enables us to focus on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the look of the rocks, the sound of the ocean, the colours in the painting,  [15]  whilst contemplating an object with a practical perception prevents us from truly appreciating it and limits our experience of the object. Dickies criticism of Stolnitzs aesthetic attitude only really focuses on this notion of disinterested attention. Stolnitz distinguishes between disinterested attention and interested attention which he says differ according to the purpose of the attention. For example when looking at Warhols Campbell Soup Cans, if I admire it as a beautiful piece of art then I experience it with disinterested attention. On the other hand, if I look at it and think about how hungry I am and how I would like to eat the soup, I experience it with an interested attention. However, Dickie objects to Stolnitzs idea that such a difference in purpose results in a difference in attention. Dickie proposes that the concept of disinterest does nothing to explain what it means to attend to  [16]  an object. To reinforce his point, Dickie uses an example of two people listening to music with different purposes Jones with the purpose of analysing the music for an exam and Smith with no such purpose other than simply listening to it. Dickie suggests that Jones has an ulterior purpose and Smith does not, but this does not mean Joness listening differs from Smiths.  [17]  Dickie demonstrates that the only difference between the listening of Jones and Smith is their purpose and suggests that in reality there is nothing different about their attention at all. Therefore, Dickie argues that the notion of disinterestedness cannot be used to refer to a type of attention, as attention has no special attribute such as disinterest. Instead, Dickie thinks that it ca n only refer to whether attention is motivated by a purpose or not. Hence, Dickie may challenge Stolnitzs theory as he questions the validity of the concepts of interested and disinterested attention which is key to Stolnitzs whole theory of the aesthetic attitude. In addition, Dickie reinforces his argument using the example of the art critic attending a piece of art. Dickie points out that according to Stolnitzs theory, the art critic could not critique the art as well as appreciate it, as the critic has an ulterior purpose to analyse and evaluate the object he perceives.  [18]  Dickie claims that Stolnitz confuses a perceptual distinction with a motivational one  [19]  as the critic only differs from other subjects attending the art in his motives and purpose. For Dickie, this example only further highlights that it is not possible to attend to art interestedly nor disinterestedly only with or without a motive or purpose. Whilst Dickie develops a convincing argument against Stolnitzs theory of the aesthetic attitude, he does only really focus on one aspect of it disinterestedness and doesnt effectively address the idea of sympathetic attention, for example. In his argument, Stolnitz stresses the importance of considering all the aspects of his definition of the aesthetic attitude, so for this reason, Dickies attempt at challenging Stolnitzs theory may not be as successful. Furthermore, Stolnitz himself argues in response to Dickies criticism that, Leading aestheticians continue to take disinterestedness to be foundational in their thinking.  [20]  Stolnitz suggests that the incomparable longevity of the concept demonstrates its validity, as it continues to engage thought.  [21]  As engaging as the concept may be, however, this point might not succeed as an effective counter-argument to Dickie. Dickies argument convincingly refutes Bulloughs and Stolnitzs theories of the aesthetic attitude, but it may not follow that rejecting the ideas of distance and disinterestedness means that no special aesthetic attitude exists. One might argue that from the vantage point  [22]  of the subject there are a set of features that identify aesthetic experience  [23]  which, whilst difficult to describe accurately, constitute the aesthetic attitude. Furthermore, it might be argued that Dickie is more concerned with the aesthetic object than the aesthetic experience, as his own alternative for the aesthetic attitude the institutional theory of art focuses on the nature of art and how an object can become art, rather than on aesthetic experience and our response to an object. Ultimately, however, whilst there are several compelling counter-arguments in favour of the aesthetic attitude, I think that Dickies argument that it is a myth is convincing and effectively undermines both Bull oughs and Stolnitzs notions of the aesthetic attitude.

Terrorism and Culture of the Middle East Essay -- Muslim Cultural Reli

Terrorism and Culture of the Middle East Introduction In 1993, a Harvard political scientist named Samuel P. Huntington wrote a controversial article entitled â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† in Foreign Affairs. At this point the Gulf War was still fresh in the minds of most Americans. The most poignant issues at the time were the threat of Suddam Hussein, nuclear weapons, and the establishment of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. Also months later, the World Trade Center was bombed, which left six people dead and many more injured. These events were perhaps the beginning of Huntington’s hypothesis: â€Å"the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and different groups of civilizations.† Eleven years later, recent events have lead many to believe that Huntington’s prediction was correct. In a world where many global issues stem from opposing nations and/or cultures, Huntington’s hypothesis proves to be relevant. Based on the increased and more severe activity taken by non-western civilizations to preserve religion and customs in a world that is increasingly influenced by Western philosophy, cultural differences among civilizations has presented itself at the forefront of international relations today. Faith and religion go hand in hand, especially when you begin to examine the teaching of multiple groups. Although these two words have different meanings, they are often mixed up, merge and appear to have one meaning. Faith is defined as a belief in, devotion to, or trust, in someone or something without having proof. Religion on the other hand is taking these beliefs and turning them into attitudes that you live and govern your life by. As you see with the religions of the world today, ... ... http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/mepp/index.htm http://www.state.gov/ Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations.† Foreign Affairs. (Summer 1993): 1-22. â€Å"Iraq and Straw; Israel and Road Map.† Israel National News. 23 Mar 2003. < http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=41128> Jenkens, Brian Michael. â€Å" The future Course of International Terrorism.† World Future Society. 2001. < http://www.wfs.org/jenkins.htm> Shibley, Telhami. â€Å"American Foreign Policy Toward the Muslim World.† Summer-Fall 2001. SAIS Review. Terrorism: Questions and Actions. May 2003. Remnick, David. â€Å"After Madrid.† The New Yorker. 29 March 2004. United Nations Home Page. 2000-2004. < http://www.un.org/english/>

B2C site compared to B2Bsite

Companies and individual entrepreneurs involved in e-commerce are operating in three-dimensional environment comprised with ethical, legal and regulatory norms and policies. Failure to comply with these norms may trigger various consequences for business or individual – from forfeiture of merchant account issued by banking institution to lack of customers aware of company’s incompliance or unethical conduct.From the critical perspective, due to the fact that Internet and e-commerce tools enable merchants and companies to adjust online environment on their sites, online companies can utilize this ability to manage ethical, legal and regulatory procedures concerning both customers and businesses (Schneider, 2004). Ethical conduct and procedures are especially important in the B2B framework because businesses selling to other businesses treat their customers more as partners and rely on reciprocal information sharing for developing mutually beneficial partnerships.Because the relationship is more extensive, every time there is an exchange of information or data, it must be meticulously tracked and labeled as general business or confidential as appropriate. B2B businesses must prevent unauthorized access to customer information on their Web sites, and protect the privacy of their customers / partners both technically and legally. Businesses such as Adobe software, many of whose customers are other businesses, accomplish this by having customized pages for each partner which are accessible only through login/password combinations issued by Adobe.In the B2C framework, ethics are important in that they establish and promote the credibility of the business to its online customers. B2C merchants, therefore, also must safeguard their customers’ information, but without the level of customization offered by B2B businesses (Schneider, 2004). For instance, Amazon. com requires a username and password each time a site visitor asks for any type of custome r account information, but they do not offer customized pricing for each customer as a B2B site would.Legal norms and compliance procedures such as liability, contract validity and jurisdiction are equally important in both B2B and B2C frameworks, but they are slightly different because of the varying needs of B2B versus B2C customers. For instance, in the B2B framework the use of multiple networks and trading partners as well as various contacts within trading partner organizations make the documentation of responsibility challenging.Here the use of online enterprise software that tracks activity by individual user through the issuance of multiple usernames and passwords both among different partners and within a partner organization can alleviate this difficulty. Large printers such as Fry Communications, for instance, which print for several different publishers, solve this problem through issuing multiple usernames and passwords under each different publisher’s online acc ount.This allows multiple editors, production mangers and artists to submit work and check the progress of their particular publication at Fry’s various facilities simply by logging in under their companies’ accounts using their individual usernames and passwords. In B2C business relationships, international laws often come into play because of the wide reach that the internet creates. The Internet has few regulations, and its operation is largely left to the free will of the market.It is, therefore, incumbent upon businesses to self regulate their behavior on the internet. One of the better known Internet regulations is the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 which sets up requirements for businesses that send commercial email, lays out penalties for spammers and companies whose products are advertised in spam, and grants consumers the right to demand that businesses stop spamming them (FTC. gov, 2005).Commercial emails are generally the domain of B2C businesses which usually comply with the terms of the law through posting a compliance statement on their commercial emails and websites, as well making it easy for consumers to remove themselves from the companies’ email databases. There are also gambling laws and laws like the Federal Telecommunications Act and the Computer Decency Act and other laws on child pornography, all of which concern B2C businesses. Similar to ethics, the appropriate behaviors for participants are typically laid out in regulations developed by trade associations, commercial standard groups and the professions.On B2B sites ethics are regulated by mutual formal agreements signed by all partners, while on B2C sites these ethics are governed by user agreements and privacy policies which users must agree to comply with as a condition for using the merchant’s Web site. References Schneider, G. , (2004). Electronic commerce: The second wave (5th ed. ). Boston, MA: Thomson Learning FTC. gov, (2006). Facts for Business. Available at Retrieved Feb 4, 2006

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries It may not come as a huge surprise that the book thats most stolen from public libraries is The Guinness Book of World Records. The books popularity is irrefutable. It serves as a form of trivia, entertainment and to settle arguments over any kind of fact, whether its whos the fastest runner, which is the biggest city or the most populous country. Whatever you can imagine, the Guinness Book has it all. The Idea Is Born The concept of creating such a book took place 60 years ago when Englishman Sir Hugh Beaver, Director of the Guinness Brewery that brews the famous Guinness Beer, attended a shooting party. An argument occurred over which European game bird was the fastest. There was no record or reference book that could settle the argument. The First Edition Sir Hugh, with the assistance of twins Norris and Ross McWhirter who ran a fact-finding industry in London, founded the company Guinness Superlatives. The twins research formed the first Guinness Book of Records which was released in the UK in 1955 and became a bestseller in its first edition. The following year, it was released in the United States and also became an immediate bestseller. International Acknowledgment Since its first publishing, the book has gone on to worldwide success. Today, its published in 31 languages including Mandarin, Icelandic and Arabic. Its also expanded into the entertainment industry, with several television programs in different countries including the United States, Portugal, China, Turkey, Italy and Germany, among others. The shows have all been highly successful and often feature live performances by record holders. The first Guinness Book of Records show was launched in the UK where the books original researchers Norris and Ross McWhirter answered questions posed by children in the audience. The twins were known to have encyclopedic memories and were able to recall even the most obscure facts on the spot. Today, there are several Guinness World Records museums in cities like Hollywood, Tokyo, Copenhagen and San Antonio. The franchise sells interactive DVDs and a video game for Nintendo Wii. There is even a Guinness World Records Day founded in 2005. The book itself has been cited as holding world records. In 1999, it set the record of being the largest single print run of a case-bound book in color with 2,402,000 copies printed. In 1995, the company earned a visit to the London office by Queen Elizabeth II on its 50th anniversary. In 2006, Michael Jackson visited the New York Office where he received a special award for his record breaking album Thriller. Types of Records The type of records in the book can be as varied as you can imagine. The man holding the record for most tattooed human is Lucky Diamond Rich, who set the record in 2006 with 100% of his body covered in tattoos including his tongue, the rims of his eyes, inside of his ears and his â€Å"delicate† areas. In 2009, Ashrita Furman of Queens, New York, won the record for being the â€Å"Person with the most records† with 100 confirmed records. Over the years, some decisions were made to eliminate certain records from the book in order to promote public safety. Eating and drinking records, as well as sword-swallowing records were taken out in order to avoid potential legal suits for publishing facts that promote hazardous behavior. Proving a record is no easy feat and Guinness teams are responsible for analyzing claims in order to ensure their veracity. Claims are made through written applications that take 4-6 weeks to process. A quicker response can be gained by paying a fee of $450. With such a rich and entertaining history, its no wonder that the book also holds the record for being the most stolen book from public libraries.

Walt Disney Company Case study

Walt Disney Company Case study Disney’s has different characters that have proven successful in different market segments and as such, cross-platform franchising has enabled the company to create a sustainable competitive advantage (Russell 2012). For example, the company targets children and young teens with its princess and Cars franchises.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Walt Disney Company Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Disney’s uses music labels such as Hanna Montana or Jonas Brothers to reach out to a diversified consumer group. On the other hand, the Pirates of Caribbean targets the adults and older teens’ markets. Through product differentiation, Disney has managed to reach out to multiple markets, and this has helped to promote the Disney brand as a whole (Russell 2012). Disney has also adopted product differentiation through its Pirates franchise. This is aimed at gaining sustainable co mpetitive advantage. The Pirates franchise comprises of a series of products such as DVDS, movies, figurines/ships and toys, customers, and Disney world ride. All these products have been integrated into a single franchise that targets different consumer markets. The movie Car is among the major brands that has created a competitive advantage for the company. After the hit movie Cars, Disney went ahead to produce a series under the brand name Cars. To reach out to customers, Disney used DVDs in addition to launching the Disney TV channel. As a result, the company has managed to reach out to different consumers of different age groups and locations. The Cars brand is also available through an online virtual gaming world which targets teens and children. All these practices are part of the company’s product differentiation strategies which the company has adopted in an attempt at reaching out to different customers, thereby creating a competitive advantage. Disney has developed a strong brand which differentiates the company from other competitors in the industry. For example, the brand name, â€Å"Pirates† is used on Disney’s products to appeal to target customers from different segments of the market. Product appeal results in consumer loyalty among the targeted consumer markets thus giving the company an upper hand over its competitors. As noted by Bob Iger, the company has manaed to create multiple experiences through product appeal thus generating consumer enthusiasm (Disney Institute 2012). This has enabled Disney to give its consumers a reason to come back and share the same experience.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The application of market diversification has also given Disney competitive advantage in the market. For example, Disney has been moving its franchises with the objective of capturing the growing t eens’ market. In addition, the company has broadened its viewership on its Disney Channel franchise in a bid to capture new markets. Under the leadership of Bob Iger, the company has moved Disney Channel from premium channels to basic channels. In addition, it has also focused on launching local versions its major key markets around the globe. All these activities have led to a sustainable market share of the company. Marketing mix entails the 4ps that is, product, price, place/distribution, and promotion. Disney’s Cars franchise is one of the company’s leading franchises. According to Disney (2012), the Car franchise has helped the company to achieve huge success in the film industry. As part of its marketing mix, Disney produced the hit movie Cars, which was followed by series of Cars in the form of animations available to targeted markets. The company also produced Cars 2 which promoted the Cars franchise. Other accessories associated with the Disney Cars fra nchise include personal care, food, apparel, home dà ©cor, electronics and toys (Disney 2012). Different products of the Car franchise are promoted through the Disney Channel, personal selling, displays, and advertisements. For instance, Cars was introduced to the movie theaters and to the public by designing cartoon car characters which were later displayed in merchandise stores along with the real Car movie as part of its promotion exercise. The Cars franchise is currently promoted through Cars e-magazine, internet platform and other mobile phone applications such as Cars’ Lightning Was Here (Disney 2012). The products are found in movie theaters’, online platforms, and leading merchandise stores. Disney has adopted a strong distribution network in order to ensure that the products are available to consumers within the stipulated timeframe. Disney uses premium prices as part of its pricing strategy (Garcia 2011). The prices offered by Disney are modest and affordabl e given the high level of competition in the entertainment industry.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Walt Disney Company Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering that the company’s executives constantly under pressure to increase profit margins the company has adopted aggressive pricing. This strategy is intended to increase sales. Since Disney has already gained its market share, it uses competitive pricing. Competitive pricing is associated with quality products such as the products associated with Cars franchise. Based on the case study, Disney’s major focus has been on family-friendly fairs with a major emphasis on teens and young children. However, due to increased competition in the industry, Disney should consider choosing another market segment. A good example of a new market segment for Disney to target would be young girls in Middle East. Through the Disney Princess franch ise (Walt Disney 2012) the company could target an untapped market in the Middle East. Jasmine as portrayed in the film Aladdin is a girl who was later captured and treated like a slave (Walt Disney 2012). Middle East is an emerging economy with a fast growing population of women. The Middle East market is promising especially the female segment (Krupnick 2011). Therefore, targeting girls in Middle East is appropriate because the population has an increasing purchasing power. Krupnick (2011) add that the Middle East market is composed of oil-rich nations whose purchasing power has been on rise. For instance, Middle East has a purchasing power of more than 8% (Newman 2006). Therefore, it is important to note that the targeted market will afford Disney branded dolls and other feminine related accessories. Some products such as body and hair perfumes for girls which are a reflection of Jasmine would be highly marketable. Furthermore, Middle East Women inclusive of girls have larger inf luence on products because of their family spending. Arab females have been categorized as an attractive market target group because they form the largest group of media consumers (Carter 1997). In addition, they have a higher buying power just like other buyers in Western markets. The population of females of ages below 30 years is higher compared to that of men.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that there is a ready population which can be targeted (Carter 1997). Advertising through the media and magazines are the most appropriate methods of reaching the target market. This is because traditionally, magazines and media have been the key advertising medium for existing and emerging brands (Carter 1997). If at all Disney is to reposition itself in the Middle East market, the management should take in to consideration market changes and market trends. Products diversification would be a viable option as it would ensure that the target market gets to enjoy a variety of Disney’s products. For example, Jasmine diversified fragrances, perfumes, dolls, t-shirts, and clothing have the capacity to evoke various feelings among the target market. Perfumes with different scents and sizes have different effects on different people and are thus recommended. Jasmine dolls should be of different sizes, color, and be clothed differently in order to meet new market trends a nd customers’ preferences. Also, Disney needs to invest heavily on TV commercials and magazines because females from the Middle East are heavy consumers of TV commercials (Carter 1997). In addition, Disney could upgrade its products and give them a youthful look which create memorable experiences and brand image in the minds of the consumers. Finally, the company should improve its current products by adding new features as a way of making them more appealing to the target customers. Carter, Meg. â€Å"The Buying Power of Arab women. (Latest Developments in Advertising in the Middle East). † Campaign. 6 Jun. 1997: 1. Print. Disney. Disney Consumer Products: Disney-Pixar Cars. 2011. Web. https://www.disneyconsumerproducts.com/Home/display.jsp?contentId=dcp_home_ourfranchises_disney_cars_usforPrint=falselanguage=enpreview=falseimageShow=0pressRoom=UStranslationOf=region=0. Disney Institute. Disney’s approach to Brand Loyalty. PDF files. 24 Nov. 2012 disneyinstit utecollateral.com/files/PDP/BrandLoyalty_Extended.pdf Garcia, Jason. â€Å"Disney Pricing Strategy: Seeking More Profits out of Long-Term visitors.† Orlando Sentinel. 20 Jun. 2011: 1. Print. Krupnick, Ellie. Arab Women The Majority Of Couture Clients, Executives Say. 10 Oct. 2011. Web.. huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/07/arab-women-couture-clients_n_999680.html. Newman, Mark. Purchasing Power. 2006. Web.worldmapper.org/posters/worldmapper_map170_ver5.pdf Russell, Christina. The Walt Disney Company. PDF files. 24 Nov. 2012, christinalrussell.com/documents/DisneyFinanceProject_000.pdf. Walt Disney. Disney Consumer Products: Disney Princess. 2011. Web. https://www.disneyconsumerproducts.com/Home/display.jsp?contentId=dcp_home_ourfranchises_disney_princess_usforPrint=falselanguage=enpreview=falseimageShow=0pressRoom=UStranslationOf=region=0

Change-oriented leadership trans formational and charismatic leaders Coursework - 1

Change-oriented leadership trans formational and charismatic leaders slp - Coursework Example In my opinion, this approach was more managerial in nature, as the supervisor conformed to previously set standards and sought to maintain the status quo. The supervisor did little to set new directions or establish new goals, as is the case for leaders who are more visionary-oriented. The Five Factor Model (FFM) outlines five personality dimensions, which include Neurotism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness (OCEAN). Within each dimension are primary factors, which describe in detail individual qualities. Conscientiousness refers to an individual’s ability to be dependable and involved whereas agreeableness analyzes the degree to which one co-operates with others and their level of compassion. Conversely, extraversion encompasses one’s ability to interact socially with others whereas neurotism measures the degree of emotions instability such as an increased predisposition towards negative emptions such as anger or anxiety. Finally, openness to experience encompasses an individual’s curiosity level, love for adventure and ability to appreciate aesthetics. My supervisor was low in neurotism, high in extraversion, high in conscientiousness, low in agreeableness, and low in openness to experience. As the head on the inter nship program, he had developed a high tolerance from training interns. His subordinates could depend on him when faced with challenging issues and he had a good rapport with them, as he was a social person. However, from his plain office dà ©cor, it was clear that he had no appreciation of aesthetics; for example, art. The behavioral approach adopted by the supervisor was task-oriented. The company’s core task was customer satisfaction, which necessitated employees to establish a good rapport with the clients. As such, performance appraisals sought to evaluate an employee’s interactions with the clients based on the client’s feedback. The training seminars organized by the

Statutory Interpretation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statutory Interpretation - Case Study Example Alec took a pecuniary advantage by deception of Vera to gain more money from the woman by dishonestly selling to her a computer that is worth 1000 for 2000. When he supplied the computer to her, he insisted that the computer is worth every penny of the 2000 given to him by Vera. There was no reason as to why the old woman would have thought the computer in question was not worth 2000 and we can not say that he was reckless to the representation of the computer. Alec knew very well the actual cost of the computer since they sold the machine at 1000 but she took advantage of the old woman and charge her double the amount the computer is worth. This act is a criminal offence under s 15 Theft Act 1968 for acquiring extra money from Vera dishonestly from the sale of the computer. For this case, Alec if convicted is liable for imprisonment of a term not exceeding ten years. This Theft Act was brought about to protect ordinary citizens from exploitation by people who want to obtain property from them in a dishonesty manner by deception. 1 For the case where Brian, an employed IT technician obtained services by deception is liable for criminal offence under the s 1 Theft Act 1978. ... Brian was a cousin to Bryan and since they share the same surname, there is no way as to why Wendy would have doubted the representation. Brian held both the season ticket that belonged to Bryan and his driving license and since they share the same surname, we can not say the Wendy was reckless to the representation and he failed to verify the two documents. For this case, Brian if convicted is liable for a criminal offence under s 1 Theft Act 1978. The Act was enacted to bring to book those who dishonestly obtain services by deception. Brian deceived Wendy, the gate attendant to believe that the services of attending to the football match has already been paid for and he was entitled to watch the football. For this case, he obtained services of watching football match by deception hence he is liable for criminal offence under s 1 Theft Act of 1978. 2 For the case where Alec advertised for a post of a qualified IT specialist who was to be graduate of BSc degree in IT but he ended up recruiting Brian who had faked that he was a graduate. Brian obtained pecuniary advantages by deception to be hired by Alec where he pretended to have graduated with a Bsc. Degree in IT where else he was using Bryan degree certificate. There is not way Alec would have noted that Brian was not a graduate since he had a degree certificate. The name Brian and Bryan looks similar and one would not note the difference between the two names and this led to Alec being deceived by Brian and recruited him to the position of a qualified IT technician believing that he was a BSc. Degree graduate. Brian was dishonest since he knew very well that he was not a BSc. Degree graduate and yet he went ahead of applying for position of a qualified IT technician with a fake degree certificate. For

Implementation stage of the project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Implementation stage of the project - Assignment Example Is the resolution feasible for execution How did the team arrive to this implementation feasibility conclusion What should be done to ensure successful execution of the project To answer these questions, Nik and Alex's team must first determine the factors that would affect the implementation of their proposed solution. That would mean they would have to consider both internal and external factors. Internal factors would be everything that relates to the organization during the process of transitioning the project from decision-making to implementation. Factors like organizational structure, roles and responsibilities, physical systems, decision authority, empowerment, compensation and incentives must be considered (Broadfuehrer, 2000). This is to ensure that there is a strong foundation in place within the organization that will enable the smooth transitioning of the project to the implementation phase. Having an organizational structure would help identify the key persons that would take on the implementer roles and responsibilities. Physical systems and decision authority ensure that there are standards in place and resources available (e.g. people and budget) for the decision implementation. At the same time, empowerment, compensation and incentives drive commitment and responsiveness to the execution of the project. External factors, on the other hand, would be things relating and affecting Kava as a whole. In Kava's case these factors need to be considered: legality of the implementation, political acceptance - the government and Kava citizens, the local standards, resource availability, environmental issues and constraints. These factors have an effect on how the whole project would be perceived and accepted by the Kava society. Knowing these factors and working around them during implementation would definitely affect the success of the project as a whole. This is where the proposed solution technique ties in with implementation process. Since the Stepladder approach was used in the decision-making process, it is most likely that the implementers were also part of the decision-making processes. This means that these factors for implementation, at least part of it, have already been considered. Ensuring that these implementation factors are tied in with the decision-making process, guarantees the smooth, effective and efficient execution of the proposed solution. Resources and Actions Required for Decision Implementation Establishing a greater presence in Kava is definitely a long-term goal. Immediate recognition from Kava citizens won't happen over night. After selecting the solution and most feasible implementation process, Nik and Alex's team must now look into the actual availability of the resources and the necessary actions required to acquiring them. During the decision-making process, a team was assigned to do the task. This is the same during the implementation process. It could be the same team that handled the decision-making. However, key people should be brought in that have more expertise in the matter. One example would be sourcing. The decision-making team would have probably

Abandonment Of The Jews Essay Example for Free

Abandonment Of The Jews Essay David S. Wyman, the author of Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, seems to be a well-educated and interesting man. Wyman earned an A. B. in history from Boston University. He then went on and earned his Ph. D. in history from Harvard University. Wyman then began to teach history and was the chairman of the Judaic studies program at the University of Massachusetts. He has written other books such as Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis; A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust; and was an editor of The World Reacts to the Holocaust. See more: Foot Binding In China essay David S. Wyman seems to be very educated on the topic of Judaic information, including the Holocaust. He now has his own institution to educate people on the Holocaust and America’s involvement; it is called the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies. Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, was taken place during World War II in 1941-1945. The author, David S. Wyman, covers many topics and discussions to why Jews could have been saved by America and its, could have been, involvement. The author has many different reasons why he believes America could have helped save the Jews; all the way from the Roosevelt Administration to bombing the railway that led to the Auschwitz concentration camp. The author’s central argument: David S. Wyman’s argument included that if the United States had a serious commitment to help rescue and save the Jews of Europe that the United States could have aided in saving several hundred thousands of the Jews that fell under Nazi command. Wyman helped support his thesis by using several books, the one most common that he cited from was Bauer. This was a secondary source because it a book from another Historian. â€Å"Although Roosevelt did not agree to the call for retaliation against Germany, he again warned the Axis, on August 21, 1942, that perpetrators of war crimes would be tried after Germany’s defeat and face fearful retribution. † (pg 29) In the second chapter of the book Wyman focus’ on how America acknowledged the war but did little to step in and help prevent it or help the Jewish people find refuge. The chapter highlights the conversations and the thoughts of many of the world’s leaders and their thoughts on the upcoming war. Many countries wanted to wash their hands of the situation, or they wanted to help with the minimal amounts of troops and money invested, particularly the British. Another point that supports our author’s thesis is the outside countries also closed their door to all immigrants making it nearly impossible for the Jews to enter the country even if they managed to escape the Nazis. We had relief organizations overseas to help apply for visas and to provide food, water and clothing. Because we failed to open our doors to immigrants many died in the refugee camps. The ones that did make it through the unlivable conditions and diseases had other issues to worry about. Whatever stability and support the Jews found in France was quickly diminished as Germany came in and had â€Å"round-ups† collecting all the people in camps and sending them to their death. They were essentially sitting ducks in France wishing and hoping for freedom and fearful because they were still so close to death. This information came from the Overseas Files. â€Å"The deportations were devastating on a person level, even before people realized that evacuation meant murder by gas. † (pg 34) This was a primary source because it was a diary article of a woman working at the camp. A family that had done everything possible to escape from the Nazi grasp, ended up separated. At first the children lived but eventually it was all a massacre. The children that did escape tried to find their parents at a later time 2 and many just received return letters stamped, parti sans addresse, which means destination unknown. David S. Wyman used the New York Times often in the writing and research for this book. He found many articles that involved interviews with congressmen during the times of stress in and the lack of involvement from the United States. One of the articles helped the author show the lack of concern for the Jewish victims in Europe. As Roosevelt just talked about how the Nazis and others would be â€Å"tried after Germany’s defeat and face ‘fearful retribution’. † Not one time did Roosevelt mention the fate of the European Jews. The author also used the Am Jewish Congress; Am Jewish Congress Papers multiple times in this book. One showed the support and protests that came from the American Jewish Congress’s â€Å"Stop Hitler Now† campaign. It was a mass meeting that started off on March 1, 1943. It was support that combined efforts and was able to buy a full page advertisement in the New York Times that stated, â€Å"America Must Act Now! † I thought this book was very intriguing. Although sometimes my reading level was not up to par to fully understand what was going on or just that fact that maybe not all of my attention was devoted to reading at that time. I enjoyed the book, but I am also a person that enjoys learning about the Holocaust and would rather learn about that than do a lot of things. I feel like the book was written for the general public because I think the author’s purpose was to educate the United States people of how we may have â€Å"turned our backs. † I would recommend this book to anyone that wants to educate themselves on a difficult but intriguing topic. I would not say that it is a â€Å"must read,† but it is a book that can be read by many different individuals.

Bribery is a wide spread economic crime

Bribery is a wide spread economic crime Bribery, a form of influencing people by owing gifts or money in order to do a job which is beyond their job description can be also stated as extortion. Enormous growth in International Business has made many countries developed and excavated poverty, but has also seeded bribery in each and every sector (Sanyal and Guvenli 2009). Bribery or corruption starts because of poorly paid jobs, Workers or staffs of a firm have an illicit relation with the stake holders of the company in order to make money. In International trade bribery plays a major role, in taking up major contracts and in setting up off shore business. Bribery within its limits can be allowed to get hold of international market segments that in turn leads to a greater benefit for both the company and its stake holders. Bribery beyond its horizons has a greater inclination to the downfall of a countrys economic, political and employability stature. To fasten up the pace of development and growth of a country, in these da ys is easily possible through bribing (Blackburn and Sarmah 2006). But this necessary evil should always be kept in check. Many countries have failed to keep them in check. Today it is necessary for every growing nation to learn from these nations who have lost their track. Some of the countries have taken vigilant steps to put down this bribing activity within their boundaries. The Bribery is a wide spread economic crime in the developing world. Companies that are mainly concerned with the cost benefit analysis make more bribes. A research done by World Bank recognizes that bribery or corruption occurs because of weak accountability of the public institutions, poor civil society, lower educational qualifications, and worse economic policies (Ksenia 2008). Bureaucratic corruption comes with the corruption in international financial market. Companies that work overseas have to make tackling gifts and attractive price in order to keep up the peers in corporate world, by this they are lead into a goodwill wave in their business. In this bureaucratic corruption the bribes are given to the officials of any organization to do a job beyond their usual routine. A survey done in the year 2000 has proved that one out of ten senior managers is ready to break laws. And another survey in the year 1997 showed that 3600 firms in 69 countries are responsible for the corruption spread in that area and for its negative effects happened. (David Ng 2006) In bribery the report from Transparency International (TI) have shown that the bribery in Business segment is about 53 percent in the year 2009, and the major countries affected are Canada, Denmark, Hong Kong, Iceland, Luxembourg, Singapore etc. According to Bribe Payers Index the countries are shown in given table.(Riano and Hodess et. al 2009) Rank Country/ Territory BPI 2008 Score Respondents Standard Deviation Confidence Interval 95% Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 Belgium 8.8 252 2.00 8.5 9.0 1 Canada 8.8 264 1.80 8.5 9.0 3 Netherlands 8.7 255 1.98 8.4 8.9 3 Switzerland 8.7 256 1.98 8.4 8.9 5 Germany 8.6 513 2.14 8.4 8.8 5 United Kingdom 8.6 506 2.10 8.4 8.7 5 Japan 8.6 316 2.11 8.3 8.8 8 Australia 8.5 240 2.23 8.2 8.7 9 France 8.1 462 2.48 7.9 8.3 9 Singapore 8.1 243 2.60 7.8 8.4 9 United States 8.1 718 2.43 7.9 8.3 12 Spain 7.9 355 2.49 7.6 8.1 13 Hong Kong 7.6 288 2.67 7.3 7.9 14 South Africa 7.5 177 2.78 7.1 8.0 14 South Korea 7.5 231 2.79 7.1 7.8 14 Taiwan 7.5 287 2.76 7.1 7.8 17 Italy 7.4 421 2.89 7.1 7.7 17 Brazil 7.4 225 2.78 7.0 7.7 19 India 6.8 257 3.31 6.4 7.3 20 Mexico 6.6 123 2.97 6.1 7.2 21 China 6.5 634 3.35 6.2 6.8 22 Russia 5.9 114 3.66 5.2 6.6 Fig: 1 Bribe Payer Index 2008 Source: http://transparency.org/news_room/latest_news/press_releases/2008/bpi_2008_en The BPI of the year 2008 shows that Belgium and Canada takes up the top position in the list with BPI score of 8.8. World Bank states that corruption is the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development (Blackburn and Sarmah 2006). The International anti bribery conventions is not stopping the Multinational corporations in bribing the government officials in the developing countries. Especially the areas like defence and arms, hospital segments etc. It can also be said as the bureaucratic corruption may not be bad for the business people, this way of bribing helps the individuals having an incentive to compete with the privilege of becoming bureaucrats. Corruption or bribery will make corporate governance deploy, it is said that as corruption gets increased the regulatory oversight gets weak and there will be the worst corporate governance. Corruption in business deals enhances the development of free and fair trade and economic development. Now a days the Cross border transaction increases in number which connects societies with different customs and practices. The Multinational firms which launch in to a new market wins the contracts by bribing at high prices by this the business of the multinational firm get s heated up and moves in a profitable scale. Whereas the domestic market firms which were not able to afford to the high bribe ends in negative scale of business. The multinational firms are highly concerned about the public works construction and defence sectors. They also engage in business like oil, gas, real estate, power generations and telecommunication sectors. The subsidiary companies of the international firms are most likely to be involved in bribery. Government policies are also negatively affected like low quality of goods, slow work of environmental policies. Funds used for education and health are also bribed. There are two types of bribes whitemail bribes and lubrication, bribing an official of an organization to perform an illegal or uneconomic act is referred to whitemail bribery. Bribe which is given to a government official in order to expedite any government approval or legal transaction is called as lubrication. In international trade the level of bribery can taken in two different forms such as Demand side, Supply bribery. The demand side bribery is called as the recipient of bribe and the supply side refers to payer of the bribe. Liberalization also has a greater impact over the bureaucratic corruption, since the bureaucrats value vary this raises the demand of bribe, this situation is called as benefit effect and it is counteracted by an increase in cost effect. This two effects leads to a non-monotonic relation between liberalization and corruption (Bose and pandey 2009). Effects of bribery are widespread on business and economy, it is stated that companies pay bribes since it is cheaper than spending money in research works. Many bribes are done by many companies for taking over the market segments. The attempt to earn income through an illegal mean result in advantage of both parties, the giver gains a profit by getting the order and the bribe receiver earns money or gift, but this process is only for a short period. Inflation will be the result of bribery in the international trade, the Import goods of the country increases and results in trade deficit. This pressure makes the value of the currency to come down, which makes the country more in debt and higher in inflation. As a result of higher inflation the government officials asks for higher bribe and thus the inflation and bribery cycle continues. As a result of high debt the country borrows money from IMF and the World Bank. Even though the World Bank knows that the government has nothing to do with money for the internal economic conditions, if the money is lent for the development of internal economic condition its stolen or wasted for bribing for government officials. Bribery also hurts International trading countries; it also serves as a trade barrier and acts as an unofficial tariff on export. Bribery also prevents open market system and restricts the benefits of trade agreements, with this there will be a negotiation for liberalization among the public officials with the fear of losing the control. The Economic effect of bribery or corruption reduces the economic growth of the country and this leads in decrease of foreign direct investment. World Bank estimates that the widespread corruption can reduce the countrys economic growth as well as reduce the inward investment because the investors have the fear of losing the investment in the corrupt countries. A recent survey shows that there is 60 percent chance of losing investment in Egypt and Syria, and an 80 percent in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco and Turkey (Shahabuddin 2002). The United Nations World report states that about 15 percentages of all firms in the industrialized nations bribe in order to retain their contracts, 60 percent were found in Soviet Union countries and 40 percent in Asia (Shahabuddin 2002). Many countries have started enforcing a ban on this evil bribery, which has resulted in continuous progress in past six years. These countries now represent more than worlds export actions. Out of thirty six countries seven countries are active in evading bribery, and 9 countries partially active. The rest twenty countries are dominant or with little effect. The countries and level of activity can be given as Category Percentage of world trade Countries Active Enforcement ( 7 ) 30% Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States Moderate Enforcement ( 9 ) 21% Argentina, Belgium, Finland, France, Japan, Korea (South), Netherlands, Spain, Sweden Little or No Enforcement ( 20) 15% Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Turkey Fig : 2 There are few societies which are strong in evading the bribery such as the transparency International organizations. It is highly distinctive that bribery takes the lead role in all business investments thats being carried on in todays business world. With the census it is clearly evident that 53 percent of the business investment involves bribery. Bribery as divided by itself is seen as whitemail and lubrication. Bribery as Lubrication is acceptable to a certain limit but whitemail is never bearable. As the former just increases the pace of a work being done which mostly in turn could have a positive effect on a countries growth but the latter has always a negative effect on the countries growth and in turn spoils the ethic in the business world. Bribery as a whole has a positive inclination for an organisation to enhance its market and trade profit. This in turn leads to greater profit for the organisation and in turn to its stake holders to easily get into the global market and attain maximum profit. Even if this activity is profitable, its quiet obvious for any spectating investor to get note o f the prevailing situation and recede from investing. When somewhere someone does something wrong somewhere someone is affected. This is the perfect effect of bribery at any level. An individuals bribery has a significant effect on the inflation of the nation. This force everyone within responsible positions to fall into the bribing pit which obliviously shows that bribery leads to a circle without ends